A Study On Addiction As A Learned Behavior - 879 Words

This chapter focused on addiction as a learned behaviour. The two major theories discussed, where learning theory and social learning theory. Learning theory focuses on behaviour that is learned through either reinforcements or punishments. Social learning theory expands on the former theory, by taking into account the effects a person has on their environment and not only the environmental effects on a person. An important concept for learning theory is operant conditioning. According to this, the likelihood of a behaviour being expressed again is influenced by punishment or reinforcement. Positive reinforcements are things that act as rewards for certain behaviours and increase the likelihood of the behaviours being performed again. Negative reinforcements take away an unpleasant stimulus and through this again increase the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated. An example of this is withdrawal. Withdrawal is unpleasant and the consumption of the drug that caused the withdrawal leads to the withdrawal symptoms disappearing. Therefore, reinforcing the consumption of the drug. While punishments typically decrease the likelihood of a behaviour occurring, in cases of addiction the punishment often happens a long time after the behaviour, leading people to not make the immediate connection between the behaviour and punishment, and therefore punishment loses its effectiveness (Moss Dyer, 20 10). Another important part of learning theory is classical conditioning. DuringShow MoreRelatedPhobias1174 Words   |  5 PagesAND ADDICTIONS Phobias and Addictions PSY/300 Abstract This essay examines phobias and addictions, how phobias can be developed through operant conditioning and how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. This essay also examines the distinctions between classical and operant condition and examines â€Å"extinction† as it relates to psychological theory and how extinction is achieved in classical and operant conditioning. Phobias and Addictions Read MoreAversion Therapy Essays663 Words   |  3 Pagesclassical conditioning; using classical conditioning to get rid of addictions or unwanted behaviours. Patient’s unwanted addiction is paired with a drug that makes them sick. â€Å"Aversion therapy can be used with alcoholics. Alcohol is paired with an emetic drug (a drug which causes nausea and vomiting). Over time the alcoholic associate’s alcohol with being sick and does not want to drink alcohol anymore (Dufresne, 2010).† The Little Albert study showed that classical conditioning principles can be usedRead MoreFactors Influencing the Prevelence of Addiction Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages Addiction Everyday we see and hear news articles and reviews that say: â€Å"I cannot put down Twilight†¦ it’s addicting!† or â€Å"I’m a Breaking Bad addict!† The way the term addiction is used in the media these days, many would overlook its actual significance and the trouble it causes for millions across the globe. Recently, many individuals have referred to addiction as anything that is a compulsive need or habit-forming, which could involve everything from substances, like nicotine or alcohol, toRead MoreContemporary Approaches Of Psychology And How They Interpret Drug Use897 Words   |  4 Pagesinterpret the behavior of individuals. Each perspective makes certain assumptions about human behavior. For this analysis we will review the behavioral and sociocultural approaches in psychology and compare how they interpret drug use. THe Behavioral perspective believes that our behavior is the result of the environment we are in. Behaviorists believe that psychologists should rely on the stimuli in the environment and our response to the stimuli. There perspective was that our behaviors are the resultRead MoreIntervention Studies on Forgiveness Journal Article 1 Essay example1190 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Intervention Studies on Forgiveness Daulphinia Glover Liberty University Summary In the journal article titled â€Å"Intervention Studies on Forgiveness† by Thomas W. Baskin and Robert D. Enright is a meta-analysis study on interventions that are conducted to determine if the interventions that are being utilized are effective when it comes to forgiveness. In the early case studies it was â€Å"suggested that forgiveness might be helpful for people who have experienced deepRead MoreSubstance Of Substance Abuse Among Teenagers1362 Words   |  6 PagesABUSE AMONGST TEENAGERS Abstract Addictive behavior may lead to addiction and when we see people with addictive substances; sometimes it is easy to emulate that behavior. According to learning theory, addictions is basically a learned behavior. For example, people learn many of their addictive behaviors through what is called classical conditioning. Furthermore, people always pair up environmental cues with addictive substances. Fortunately, many addictions can be â€Å"unlearned† and we can do this byRead MoreComputer Addiction1293 Words   |  6 PagesComputer addiction   A disorder in which the individual turns to the Internet or plays computer games in an attempt to change moods, overcome anxiety, deal with  depression, reduce isolation or loneliness, or distract themselves from overwhelming problems. The elderly, as well as children and adolescents, are particularly vulnerable because they may not realize the extent of their dependency. In many instances, individuals with computer addiction may seek help for another condition, suchRead MoreThe Effects Of Heroin On A Pregnant Women999 Words   |  4 Pagespregnant women is two fold it was noted in this study that that use of heroin decreased from the first trimester until three months after the birth of their baby as demonstrated by this graph. Figure 1. Reductions in heroin and crack use during and after most recent pregnancy. Best, D., Segal, J., Day, E., ( 2009), Changing patterns of heroin and crack use during pregnancy and beyond. Journal Of Substance Use, 14(2), 124-132 9p. Another study that showed a positive result that occurred whenRead MoreBenefits Of Self Efficacy High While Recovery From An Addiction1479 Words   |  6 PagesThis is why it is important that people keep their self-efficacy high while recovery from an addiction. Commitment to abstinence, a motivational construct, is a strong predictor of reductions in drug and alcohol use. Level of commitment to abstinence at treatment end predicts sustained abstinence, a requirement for recovery ( Laudet, A. B., Stanick). Abstinence is the best way to avoid drug addiction. According to Hart Ksir, a person who understands all this information about all these drugsRead MoreNegative Impact Of Postpartum Depression1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe Negative Impact of Postpartum Depression on Child Abuse Introduction: This psychological and behavioral study will analyze the impact of postpartum depression on women and the problem of child abuse related to this condition. Case studies find the circumstances of postpartum depression in women is directly related to the issue of previous child abuse and PTSD that have a negative impact on the newborn child. These factors define a significant correlation with postpartum depression in 1 out

Is All Rap Music Promoting And Glorifying Crime And Degrading

Is all rap music promoting and glorifying crime and degrading women? This is a question that is asked often and the general consensus is that, yes, it does. Is there any evidence however to back up these claims and are the rappers intending their music to be seen in a negative aggressive way. I don’t necessarily think that rap music does anything but give the musician an outlet for their talent and use topics like women and crime in their songs for commercialization and to create an image that rappers need in order to succeed in that genre. We will come to an overall conclusion at the end of this essay after we source different arguments on the topic. A popular argument used on this topic is that rap music promotes crime including the†¦show more content†¦It s said that some rap music has tapped into feelings of male powerlessness as a result of poverty, racism and fractured families and made it not only fashionable but also empowering for young men to demean women in this way (the guardian, 2004) Not only do they rap about women in a negative way but their music videos feature women semi naked and at times fully naked. There was even a paper published by Tipper Gore named HATE, RAPE AND RAP which directly linked sexual assaults to rap music, there was clear links made that rap encourages violence towards women. The public has even tried to involve Michelle Obama hoping that she could convince rappers to tone down their lyrics from being so depraved towards women. Women in hip-hop are portrayed, in songs or videos, as either silent, willing strippers or complaining, troublesome meddlers. Female rappers are either boy toys or tomboys, both of which are personalities constructed around a masculine norm rather than a female norm. Another argument used is that rap promotes violent behavior towards women as it is influential in the behavior of men. In published journals they define misogyny as the â€Å"hatred or disdain of women† and â€Å"an ideology that reduces women to objects for men’s ownership, use, or abuse† (Adam and Fuller p. 939). They carried out research that showed many rappers continuouslyShow MoreRelatedPopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 Pagesrevenue. Low culture is what is sold to the masses, ergo, low culture equals mass culture. All these terms refer to popular culture, defined in the Oxford Dictionary of Sociology as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦accessible to everyone. Popular culture is far more widespread than high culture and in the United Statesand in Europe, for example, it is dominated by television, films and recorded popular music. [2] I have chosen to study popular culture and its influence on violent behaviour

The Benefit of Music Essay Sample free essay sample

The Advantages and Disadvantages when Playing A Musical Instrument. I. IntroductionThere are several advantages and disadvantages when playing a musical instrument. ( Thesis Statement ) BodyII. The first advantage of playing musical instrument is increase the capacity of your memory. A. Stimulate your encephalon and can increase your memory. 1. The portion of the encephalon that control motor accomplishments such as utilizing your custodies. running and swimming will go more active. 2. Help your IQ addition in seven points. in both kids and grownups. ( Alleyne. 2009 ) B. Changes the form power of the encephalon 1. As a therapy to better cognitive accomplishments.2. Musicians show betterments in audile verbal memory and audile attending. but non in ocular memory or ocular attending. III. Next. the advantage of playing musical instrument is expose to cultural history of an instrument. A. Music has their ain history and background that can foster your grasp of other civilizations. 1. Learn a assortment of music types such as classical traditions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefit of Music Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page common people music and other genres 2. Certain musical instruments have represented the individuality of community such as gambus. B. Care about the remain of ascendants such as classical music so that it will non vanish by the oversight of the clip. 1. Expose the younger coevals on to classical music. 2. Political campaign for the saving of classical music instrument. IV. Besides that. hike your squad accomplishments besides one of the advantage of playing musical instrument. A. Playing an instrument requires you to work with others to do music. 1. Band an orchestra scene you must larn how to collaborate with the people around you. 2. Playing music as a group builds a sense of community and enables you to experience as if you belong to something bigger than yourself B. To do beautiful and organize music. 1. Each participant and subdivision learns how to listen to each other and play together. 2. To execute in a group you must hold tolerance for each others V. There besides have some disadvantages of playing musical instrument. A. Firstly. for pupil. it can consequence on surveies if they non cognize how to pull off clip good. 1. Students will acquire tired to manage both undertakings. 2. It will interrupt the acquisition procedure and causes instruction declined B. Secondly. it can blow the clip and money.1. Musical instrument such as guitar. piano and fiddle are expensive so it such a waste if you don’t utilize on a regular basis. 2. To play musical instrument demand clip committedness. C. Third. it can impact wellness hazard for illustration can impact tympanum. 1. Harmonizing scientific surveies. loud sounds can do the tympanum damaged because of quiver and deposition that occurs in tympanum. 2. The rate to acquire disease if the musical instruments are shared is high. DecisionWell. it is hoped that as people become more active affecting to play musical instrument so that they will appreciate of the instrument from familial. Other than that. playing musical instrument has many advantages that they can accomplish from it. In add-on. with this exposure can pull many people. particularly pupil because it can increase the capacity of the memory. Mentions Kamien. R. ( 2004 ) . Music an Appreciation. ( 8th ed. ) . New York: McGraw Hill Alleyne. R. ( 2009. October 27 ) . Playing a musical instrument makes you brainier. The Telegraph. Retrieved August 7. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. telegraph. co. uk/sciene-news Matthews. M. ( Ed. ) . ( 2011 ) . Effective music instruction. Retrieved August 5. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. effectivemusicteaching. com Bennet. A. and Bennet. D. ( 2008 ) . The human cognition system: music andencephalon coherency. 38. 277-295. Department of the Interior: 10. 1108/03055720810904817

The Tale of Kieu

The Tale of Kieu is full of characters, producing long-lasting impressions upon the reader and Dam Tien is one of them, even despite the fact that its role is only supplementary. Dam Tien is an apparition or a ghost that tells the fortune of other people; it represents itself in the form of a young woman.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Tale of Kieu specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nguyá »â€¦n Du first mentions this character when Kieu finds her grave. This ghost appears to her and makes a prophecy about the course of major character’s life. In particular, she says that Kieu will have to undergo a great number of hardships and miseries before she eventually finds happiness and love. It should be noted that the author provided us with biographical details about this character. In the past, she was a singer, â€Å"renowned for looks and gifts† (Nguyá »â€¦n Huá » ³nh, p 35, line 63). The writer also tells us that Dam Tien enjoyed considerable success among man who virtually â€Å"jostled at her door† (Nguyá »â€¦n Huá » ³nh, p 35, line 64). We also know that this character died in the prime of her life and to some extent, she became a symbol of youth and beauty and ,most importantly, their brevity. Kieu learned about her life from the story told by Vuong Quan. In this respect, Dam Tien is very reminiscent to Kieu; they are both beautiful and well-educated but their lives are tied with misfortunes (Teo, 352). We do not know whether Dam Tien is sympathetic of the main character or not. She manifests itself only to mark important moments of Kieu’s life but she does not act a guide. However, she appears at those times, when the main heroine needs some consolation (Stickney, 206). We should also mention that in the past Dam Tien was a songwriter and she is able to appreciate poetry and lyrics. So, when she reads Dam Tien’s lyrics, she praised them and in a way this is also consolation. By praising Kieu’s lyrics this ghost indicated to the main character that she is not alone in her sufferings and that there might be some other people who may understand her or at least try to do it. This is one of its major contributions to the Tale of Kieu. This character plays an important part in the development of the plot, since the memories of Dam Tien’s prophecy drive Kieu into the depth of despair and she attempts suicide, yet she was saved by Giac Duyen. This ghost becomes the only creature to whom the main character can tell about her misfortunes and grieves. Yet, one should regard this ghost only as an ill omen since in later parts of the poem Dam Tien finally tells Kieu that she will eventually find her love. She says â€Å"with many days ahead, you shall fulfill/your great past love, reap future happiness† (Nguyá »â€¦n Huá » ³nh, line 141).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Again, one has to emphasize the idea that this ghost is observed only by Kieu; other characters do no notice it. Thus, one can argue that it might be a figment of Kieu’s imagination. As it has been said before, Dam Tien is a secondary character but it does help the reader to better understand the inner world of Kieu and her feelings. This is one of the reasons why it is so important for this poem. Works Cited Nguyá »â€¦n Du and Sanh Thà ´ng Huá » ³nh. The tale of Kieu. Randon House, 1973. Print. Stickney Mary. River of Pearls. iUniverse, 2004. Print Teo Hsu-Ming. Behind the Moon. Soho Press 2007. Print. This essay on The Tale of Kieu was written and submitted by user Izaiah Burch to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. The Tale of Kieu â€Å"The Tale of Kieu† is a Vietnamese epic poem written by, Nguyá »â€¦n Du  (1766–1820). It is one of the most important pieces of Vietnamese literature. It is a moving story about a young Vietnamese girl named Kieu who attempts to undo the wrongs of her past life, by enduring hardships.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Tale of Kieu specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through the story, we are drawn into the world of Vietnamese culture and way of life. The writer depicts injustice within the feudal system, after the dethroning of the Le Dynasty, and the status of women then. Even though the story is about 200 years old, it still holds true, as the plight of many young Vietnamese women is almost the same in today’s world. One of the main issues and controversies surrounding the story of the protagonist is morality. Many people consider this an immoral story, as it depicts the life of a pr ostitute. On the contrary, this story lends a voice to millions of women across the globe that human trafficking is a horrendous crime that exists even in this sophisticated world. â€Å"The Tale of Kieu† is a moral work as it depicts the hardship of a woman, who is forced into prostitution, to save her family from poverty, and betrayed by the men she loved. It exemplifies the plight of many young women who are trapped in slavery. The main protagonist Kieu is sold into prostitution and is constantly deceived by the men in her life. Despite this, she tries to maintain her dignity, and face her problems with determination. The author of the story focuses on the good as well as the bad aspects in the life of the protagonist. On many occasions in the story, we can see that Kieu is not an innocent character. But, this may be because of the fact that she has been wronged so many times in life, that she did what she thought right for her. She realized from her early day that she can not trust anyone in her life and that she has to look after herself for her survival. Many of her acts reveal that originally she is not a morally degraded woman. One cannot deny the moral act, when she refused Kim’s lustful designs on her, when they first met. As they were not married yet, she found it wrong to sleep with him, as maintaining chastity till marriage was the right, moral action for any woman. They were deeply in love with and initially when each other, kim professes his love for her, she replies, â€Å"ll etch your word, our troth, in stone and bronze† (Du). But, at the same time, she goes back on her vows, as she bends to the circumstance of her life rather than upholding her vows. Even though she fails to keep her promise to her true love, she is dutiful to her father, and she sacrifices herself to save her family from poverty and prison. Her sacrifice to save her family from hardship and poverty is nerve wrecking. Throughout her ordeals, she is used a nd abused by men. Yet she remains duty found, and responsible to her family. When she is visited by a ghost who reminds her about her bad â€Å"karma† and when she foresees her doom, she says,Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"How sorrowful is woman’s lot! How sternly fate will deal with all of us!† (Du par. 2). We can see that her fall is not her doing. It is the pressure of circumstances that make her immoral. Many people could relate this to their surroundings, as there are many in the same circumstance as Kieu. Through Kieu’s story the author reveals the hard realities of life. Life has its own course as it is already scripted. Kieu represents those who are born to sacrifice everything in life, for their family. Even though, the protagonist tries to be virtuous, her circumstances in life do not allow her to be the person she wants to be. Fate has other things in store for her. Kieu is not an immoral woman, but just a victim of her fate. Works Cited Du, Nguyen. The Tale of Kieu. Paper Masters. A Division of E World Publishing, Inc. Web. This essay on The Tale of Kieu was written and submitted by user Kyan Knox to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.