Technical And Design Package For Navy Technical Bureau (...

Achieve Results: Achieving results was a huge priority during my period with Navy technical Bureau (NTB) as an Engineering officer. My key achievements were effective use of organisational resources, organisation improvement activities, managing changes and deliver intended results. My personal role was to provide support in maintaining the technical integrity of the MWV by reviewing the technical and design packages (certification basis and certification plan). Deficiencies were identified among the packages, when overlooked it may end up in delivering maritime material that is not fit for purpose, posing threat to personnel and environment. The deficiency was that the traceability of the certification requirement was lost in the packages. A plan was established to engage all the relevant technical expertise to seek their professional advice on how to deal with the issues in their area of practise. Based on their advice I went gathering information within the design packages that was misleading and traced the functional requirement back to the Capability Needs Statement (CNS) and Operational Concept Document (OCD) for verification process. This helped me to identify the misleading functional requirement statement and document it for the project to validate the requirement input. As part of the evolving seaworthy reforms to improve technical integrity assurance process of the maritime capability, the requirement traceability strategy among the technical and design

Thinking Outside the Idiot Box Free Essays

Dana Stevens’ essay, â€Å"Thinking outside the Idiot Box†, was first published in Slate on March 25, 2005, is a counter argument to â€Å"Watching TV Makes You Smarter† an article written my Steven Johnson that says watching complicated TV shows make you smarter when in reality you’re just watching complicated TV shows. She mainly disagrees with Johnson’s opinion that figuring out the complicated plots of the TV shows sharpens one’s cognitive skills. In her view, those entangled plots not only compel one to watch even more TV, they also weaken one’s skills to think because many shows overload one’s mind with quick-paced facts. We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking Outside the Idiot Box or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stevens 295-6) She also states that Johnson overlooks the Muslim terrorist and tortures in the show â€Å"24†. She points out that many people think watching TV is ok especially if it’s a nature show. Stevens also discusses a trip to the airport where she saw quite a few people surrounding a nature showing. The author contemplated whether or not the nature show was acceptable because travelers were still â€Å"spacing out† while watching it, so what is the difference between violent shows like â€Å"Animal Face Off† which contains bloods guts and gore and a â€Å"regular† nature show is peaceful and entertaining. Stevens 297) She is wondering why â€Å"spacing out† is ever positive: â€Å"A football game in a bar is zapworthy, but spacing out to leopards in the Qantas terminal is A-OK? † (Stevens 297). Next she says that children are fresh meat for the marketing industries by making shows that catch their eye. She is basically claimin g that there are many people who are offended by many things, and each person needs to be sensitive to what they play on their TVs. In conclusion, Stevens believes that TV is neither beneficial nor it is harmful for our minds; it is only there to entertain us. (298) How to cite Thinking Outside the Idiot Box, Papers

Article Review and Presentation for Development- myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theArticle Review and Presentation for Sustainable Development. Answer: Introduction The article enhances the clarity of the personnel regarding the importance of business models in the business activities. As a matter of specification, the focus of the article is on licensing for the technologies, which the downstream specialists use for the performing the allocated projects. Strategic approach towards licensing the technologies helps the personnel to keep a track of their utilization (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). Along with this, the strategies enable the personnel with innovative strategies to maintain the pace in the competitive ambience with the contemporary brands. Review of the strategies helps in the creation of the knowledge based assets, which lures the candidates towards the brands. This creation can be considered as one of the prospective means for the recruitment and selection process. Along with this, modifications in the identified strategies help the personnel to assess its effectiveness in terms of the values, which the technologies hold for the downstream specialists. Here, adherence to the business model proves effective in terms of exposing proper attitude towards developing policies for the license (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). This adherence nullifies the aspects of unpredictability. However, the personnel need to expose a conscious attitude towards the utilization of the technologies by the downstream specialists. Negligent attitude towards the specialist performance would make the courtly interventions inevitable. Envisioning innovation within the theoretical perspectives helps the industry personnel to achieve infrastructural development. Maintaining consistency in this innovation improves the organizational capability. The article points the fact that the firms undertaking business models for shaping the organizations emerge as legends in the competitive ambience. This success improves their confidence in terms of inspiring their associate partners to follow business models (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). Seeking innovative means for enhancing the self-efforts reflects the inner essence of the word legend in case of the companies and organizations. The focus of the article is on firms like Google and Apple computers, who are known as the business model innovators. The major drive behind this innovation is improving the relationship with the customers. Next, the article sheds light on the importance of business model. According to business terminology, business model possesses flexibility for the companies and organizations to generate high sales revenue and add maximum value to the profit margin. Here the main determinants need to be reasonable cost for creating and capturing value in an efficient and effective manner (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). According to critiques, business model reflects the hypothetical attitude of the managers regarding the satisfaction of the needs, demands and requirements of the customers effectively. Effective and judicious utilization of the resources helps the firm to generate high profit. The major drive behind this is the activities, which makes a clear demarcation between the operating cost and the revenue. Herein lays the appropriateness of strategies. Commercialization of the assets reflects the approach of the firms towards using business models. Here, the article takes the example of Certicom, where mapping the prospective avenues of knowledge-based assets has been the patent activity for achieving competitive advantage. With the advancement of civilization and science, many scientific discoveries have taken place, which possess flexibility for the technological licenses to achieve a better placement in the competitive ambience of the market (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). However, there are challenges, which act as an obstacle for the firm personnel in terms of measuring the applications of the general-purpose technology. Countering this, the operations of the firms are not general; instead, they are specific to the requirements of the firm. As the competitions become intense, there would be advancements in the approaches towards the efficient execution of the business activities in terms of reaching up to the expectation of the customers. This perspective redefines the parameter of research and development in the firms. Evaluation of the current strategies holds flexibility for the firm personnel to think out of the box and come up with something creative (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). One of the other challenges here is absence of predictability. This occurs due to the lack of oriental approach of the personnel towards fulfilling the identified and specified goals and objectives. This absence compels the firm personnel to lag behind the contemporaries in terms of assessing whether the provided license proves effective for commercializing the technical avenues of the downstream specialists. The article makes special mention of forecasting in case of the technological licensing, one wrong step can make the firms fall prey into scandals. Contribution of the current business model in decision-making process for the managers The main aim behind undertaking business model is to create and capture maximum value through the provision of cheaper costs. Exposing a strategic approach towards adherence to business model yields positive results (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). Delving deep into the aspect of decision-making, theoretical approach plays an important role. For example, current business model involves a detailed research regarding the effective utilization of the organizational resources for catering to the needs, demands and requirements of the stakeholders. Herein lays the need for effective decision-making. The section of revenue stream assessment is directly related with the decisions regarding the achievement of financial flexibility. Undertaking the classical model of decision-making helps the firm personnel in evaluating the specified enterprise for catering to the needs and requirements of the stakeholders. This evaluation includes assessment of the revenue, which the enterprises are receiving for this job (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). Innovations in business model relates with the quest of the firm personnel in terms of upgrading the standards and quality of their performance. Herein, commercialization of the firm assets indicates experimentation with the existing technological license for speculating the audience approach. These experiments can alter the traditionalism of the firm however; adherence and compliance to the values would keep the traditionalism intact. Rational thinking in these experiments assists the firm managers to achieve positive results in securing the market position within the competitive ambience (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). Perceiving this aspect from the technological aspect, rising technology relates with the modern designs in the technological gadgets. Along with this, there has also been a rise in the licenses, which the employees have been provided for utilizing the technologies. Along with this, there has also been a rise in the instances of cyber crimes, compelling the firms to los e their confidential data. In view of all these aspects, license acts as a legal document for the firms in terms of averting such illegal instances. In the present scenario, the firms sell rights to the associate partners instead of undertaking direct marketing for the technological licensing. This has adversely affected the relationship between the firms, stalling the productivity (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). Delving deep into the issue, this aspect compels the managers to re-conduct the decision-making process regarding the selecting the stakeholders, that is, the enterprises. In most of the cases, it has been seen that the firms face challenge regarding licensing for the technological parameter. One of these challenges is convincing the licensee to buy a technology, which is not used by the supplier. This attaches an interrogative parameter to the orders placed to the suppliers regarding the licenses for using the technologies. Viewing it from the other perspective, this kind of instigations is a breach of contract, which compels the managers of the firms to put on their thinking caps in terms of deciding the compensation val ues (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). It can be said that narratives related to licensing of technology represents the approach of the firm personnel behind bringing innovation in the business models. Application of rational thinking in these innovations possesses enough flexibility to increase the intellectual capital. If this increase is envisioned, then the personnel need to set realistic and achievable goals. Mere setting of the goals would not serve the purpose. The identified and the specified goals need to be evaluated consistently in order to upgrade the standard and quality of the firm performance (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). References and Bibliography Anadon, L. D., Chan, G., Harley, A. G., Matus, K., Moon, S., Murthy, S. L., Clark, W. C. (2016). Making technological innovation work for sustainable development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,113(35), 9682-9690. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Bocken, N. M. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P., Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes.Journal of cleaner production,65, 42-56. Boons, F., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 9-19. Caeque, F. C., Hart, S. L. (Eds.). (2015).Base of the Pyramid 3.0: Sustainable development through innovation and entrepreneurship. Greenleaf Publishing. Gambardella, A., McGahan, A. M. (2010). Business-model innovation: General purpose technologies and their implications for industry structure.Long range planning,43(2), 262-271. Halme, M., Korpela, M. (2014). Responsible Innovation toward sustainable development in small and medium?sized enterprises: a resource perspective.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(8), 547-566. Miller, T. R., Wiek, A., Sarewitz, D., Robinson, J., Olsson, L., Kriebel, D., Loorbach, D. (2014). The future of sustainability science: a solutions-oriented research agenda.Sustainability science,9(2), 239-246. Shrivastava, P., Ivanaj, S., Ivanaj, V. (2016). Strategic technological innovation for sustainable development.International Journal of Technology Management,70(1), 76-107. Weaver, P., Jansen, L., Van Grootveld, G., Van Spiegel, E., Vergragt, P. (2017).Sustainable technology development. Routledge.

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10 Transfer PricingChapter OutlineA. Cost Management Challenges - Chapter 19 provides four cost management challenges.1. What is the primary purpose of establishing a transfer price policy?2. What are four methods for setting transfer prices?3. What is the significance of excess capacity in the transferring division, and what impact does that have on the transfer price?4. Why might income-tax laws affect the transfer-pricing policies of multinational companies?B. Learning Objectives - This chapter has five learning objectives.1. Chapter 19 explains the purpose and role of transfer pricing.2. The chapter explains how to use a general economic rule to set an optimal transfer price.3. It explains how to base a transfer price on market prices, costs, or negotiations.4. It discusses the implications of transfer pricing in a multinational company.5. It discusses the effects of transfer pricing on segment reporting.C. The chapter discusses the effects of transfer pricing on segment reporting.E nglish: Transfer Pricing with an Imperfect Extern...A transfer price represents the amount charged when one division sells goods or services to another division within an organization. Transfer pricing is a challenge for cost managers because it represents an economic event that must be recorded in the accounting system. Deciding what the transfer price should be is the challenge. Transfers of goods and services within an organization do not impact the organization's profits as a whole organization. However, the buying and selling divisions' profits are affected by transfer prices charged. A high transfer price increases profits for the selling division and increases costs for the buying division.If divisions are evaluated using ROI, residual income, or economic value added, then the transfer price can affect the performance of each division. This fact may motivate managers to pursue strategies for transfer pricing that are not congruent with organizational goals.

Canadian Economic History

Canadian Economic History Introduction Canada, a country believed to have gotten its name by slip-up when a French explorer mistook the village word â€Å"Kanata† for â€Å"Canada†, is today one of the greatest economic hubs and the second largest country in the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Canadian Economic History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The world sometimes jokingly refers to it as a country that runs from â€Å"sea to sea.† Diverse Aboriginal people predominantly inhabit Canada and it consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories, mostly dominated by the British and French settlers (Kalman 4-13). Through the Canada Act of 1982, the country strengthened its political muscles by becoming a federal state and placing Queen Elizabeth II at its head. It is today a â€Å"bilingual and multicultural state governed through parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy† (Cyr 41). The latter system is also the basis on which the executive, legislative, and judicial arms of state are founded. In addition, Canada stands out, within the continent and elsewhere in the world, as a country governed by economic transparency. The country also does satisfactorily well in the international rankings in major areas like political freedom, respect for human rights, education, and quality of life. Purpose of the Paper The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical examination of the â€Å"Canadian Economic History†. Canada’s economy is significantly one of the largest economies in the world today, with an approximately US$1.74 trillion nominal GDP. It is also one of the highest liberal economies across America and Europe as per the heritage index of economic freedom. Perhaps the major question is how Canada has made it this far economically. For many people, the answer could be the expansion of the political freedom in Canada, or the establishment of more democratic insti tutions, bringing about transparency in the economic sector. According to this paper, however, the answer lies in the economic history of the nation. This essay has thus been structured around the Canadian economic history, which has been broken down into smaller significant areas, supported with different valid facts. The first part, â€Å"staples thesis†, is used to explain the nation’s resource-based economy given the complexity in understanding it.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second part looks at the major staple commodities in the country’s history, while the third and fourth parts review the major economic philosophies before and after the expulsion of the French traders from Canada. Other significant areas addressed, especially in the seventh and eighth sections, analyze Canada’s economic status during and after the two Wo rld Wars and their impact on the present economy. The overall analysis determines Canada’s growth to its economic history. The Staples Thesis The Canadian economic history stands out for the fact that all the economic frameworks that worked well in other nations, mostly in Europe, either failed to work in Canada or had little impact. A good example is Marxist economic classes, which failed to address the country’s resource-based economy. Its complex economic relationship with other countries developed after the Second World War, particularly with the US (Easterbrook and Watkins 259). Given the complexity in understanding the Canadian economy, a section of historians has always employed the staples thesis to address fully the economic history of the country. This school of thought, â€Å"staples thesis†, which primarily focuses on the economic geography of Canada, proposes that the Canadian economic history should be studied from the perspective of natural resour ces (Altman 230-55). Innis, one of the prominent scholars of this philosophy, argued that the country had economically flourished because of its staple commodities. He particularly listed fur, timber, fish, and agricultural products as major staple commodities that dared the economy into the international markets, especially in Europe and the United States. He further argued that, this economic partnership cemented the country’s cultural links in other major sectors. Within Canada, he argued, the different staple commodities led to the realization of different economies in the ten provinces. The economy of the Atlantic Canada, for instance, emerged from its trade in cod. The Western Canada heavily relied on wheat for its economy. In Central Canada, fur dominated the economy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Canadian Economic History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The remaining provinces also had their own st aple commodities that propelled their economies (Altman 230-55). Innis, however, argued that the fur trade boomed the general economy of Canada. Inasmuch as the ports opened the region to the United States, fur cemented Canada’s relationship with European nations, especially France and Britain. The proponents of this school of thought thus argue that Canada managed to sustain its economy because of its exportation of staple commodities. Canadian Economic History Way before the arrival of British and French settlers into the country, Canada had a great and vibrant trade networks within its boarders, which were primarily dominated by â€Å"waterways†. The natives traded in furs, tools, fish, and decorative items. Mostly, the traders used small boats given the extensive body waters that border and crisscross the country. They also heavily relied on hunting and gathering for food and a variety of other important items. When French and British traders started arriving, the natives admired their alcohol, weapons, and jewels. In exchange of these products, they gave out pelts from their native beavers, which the European traders equally treasured. The result of this exchange led to profoundly strong economic and cultural relations between the natives and the European traders (Easterbrook and Aitken 23-50). Fur trade The fur trade was perhaps the most traded item that propelled the Canadian interior economy. The North American woodlands were full of many fur animals, and this element was an added advantage to the pelt industry for the natives, who were skilled hunters and gatherers would kill the animals and get pelt for the European merchants. In exchange, the natives got guns and textiles. They were also given luxury items like mirrors and beads from Europe (Carlos and Lewis 705-28). The other players in the fur trade were the woodsmen. They mainly brought pelts from the forest, through the Atlantic Ocean, to the major ports of Montreal and Quebec.Adve rtising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the early phases of the trade, the French mainly dominated the major ports and trading forts in the region. The British traders built more elaborate and parallel networks in other promising ports and forts to scuttle French domination and open trade to other regions. As a result, a boisterous contention developed between the two nations. Timber Timber was the prevailing staple commodity in Canada in the early 19th century. Previously only known to the domestic market, timber became a large export market for Canada in the nineteenth century as most European countries exhausted their supplies. As the 18th century set it, forest reserves had vitiated considerably in the Great Britain and thus it turned to Canada to replenish its supplies. The Royal Navy, which had been built using the great oaks, was already getting old and most of the materials could not be re-used. Timber was also an important commodity to Great Britain for its merchant shipping and putting up of new structures in its colonies. Even the United States, which still had some timber reserves, saw the inevitable inadequacy of its stock and thus turned to Canada. However, the Napoleonic Wars boomed Canada’s timber industry. British needed timber for its wars, but it had none. The other involved countries in the war also had little or none. Canada became the massive business for timber-trade. Almost every province exploited the timber industry making it Canada’s most important commodity. The Bank of Montreal and some of the largest towns in Canada were allegedly built with the money generated from the timber industry. Fish Industry Another important feature before the Second World War was the fishing industry. Actually, the first group of European settlers in the region ended up in Canada through the Grand Banks of Newfoundland in search of fish. Norrie and Szostak posit that soon after, many boats â€Å"especially from France and Great Britain, traversed the land through the Atlanti c Ocean and would stay there during the summer and leave with fish at the end of the season† (46). The other factor that also boomed the fishing industry in the region was the dire need of fish in the Catholic dominated countries. The land was mainly dominated by anglers from regions that had scarce supply of salt, like those from Northern France and Britain. They mainly preserved their fish by hanging them on fish-racks on the main land. Since this process took months, they also built structures that soon became permanent settlements for most of them. Farming and other Agricultural Products Canada was also popular for its agricultural products. The country mainly produced wheat and canola in large quantities enough to supply to its regional neighbors. The agricultural sector was mainly boomed by the timber industry. The timber trade required men to stay in one zone for quite a long time. Given that there were many of these zones, the country needed to supply the workforce wit h enough food. In the beginning, the lumber towns and zones mostly relied on the US for much of their food, especially barrels of pork, but the shipping cost became high. The only available option was to invest in locally produced goods. Ontario City took an interest in farming and other high-grade consumer products. The main objective was to grow crops that would be harvested within shorter periods. They also began keeping cows and rearing chickens mainly for the growing urban market and workers at the timber locations. This captive market became the basis for permanent settlements and opened the region to other new markets (Kaman 24-26). Wheat boom industry Astoundingly, Canada experienced its highest economic growth in the late years of 1890s up to the eruption of the First World War. This era was also the phase of an immense structural transformation of the Canadian economy. The period is sometimes referred to as the â€Å"Wheat Boom Era† because of the massive export eco nomy that was based largely on wheat. The staple commodity became the golden crop for the Prairie Provinces and the larger economy of Canada. The wheat industry also led to the construction of the Pacific Railway line easing the transportation of the commodity and other products (Ward 856-83). Major Philosophies in the Canadian Economic History Canada’s economy has progressively grown, taking into consideration different factors. It was not just about the booming staple industries, but also the philosophies that guided these industries. These philosophies include Mercantilism, Corporatism, and Capitalism. French traders and settlers mainly used the first two schools of thought, while the British colonialists introduced capitalism, which is still the dominant philosophy in Canada. Mercantilism and Corporatism The Canadian economy during the colonial times mainly hinged on two philosophies, viz. the mercantilism and corporatism. The economic idea of mercantilism revolved on the notion of reaping maximum material benefits from the colonized land, for the mother country, with little or no imperial investment on the land itself. This system was common amongst French, who dominated the region between 1613 and 1621. In 1627, King Louis XIII introduced another system, corporatism, to include its habitants. The idea was to encourage economic corporation with everyone on the land, and this idea culminated into what is today called Canada (Leslie 20). Capitalism Capitalism is Canada’s dominant economic philosophy. After the expulsion of the French from Canada and the repeal of Corn Laws, the British government opened the market to other settlers. The idea of ‘Capitalism’ came from the colonial business elites that had taken an interest in the country’s economic trades. Their main aim was to create a local financial system, and they ultimately manifested this ideology in the banking and insurance sectors. The Canada Banking Company (1792) , the Bank of Montreal (1817), and the Bank of New Brunswick (1820) are some of the major banking systems of the period. Insurance companies included Sun Life (1865), Mutual Life (1870), and London Life (1874). Another important manifestation of this system was the creation of the Montreal Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange (Easterbrook and Aitken 445). Economic lessons before World War II Confederation The repeal of Corn Laws and the expulsion of French from Canada taught Canadians a great lesson just on how far they could economically count on foreigners. In addition, the cancelation of the preferential treatment with Great Britain also taught them very hard economic lessons. The greatest lesson was to never rely on one market for economic prosperity. In 1854, â€Å"the country signed its first treaty with the US termed the Canadian-American Reciprocity Treaty (CART), which opened its economy to the United States market† (Martin 237). The treaty flopped later, bu t the countries maintained their economic relationship. Another important factor was the Great Depression. Based on its economic relationship with the U.S, Canada was badly hit by the crisis that had originated in the American markets. As the U.S economy began to collapse, it was clear that the Canadian economy was quickly going to follow suit. At the end of the depression, the wheat industry was almost falling apart. The country also lost 30 per cent of its workforce. A fifth of the population literally relied on the government for assistance. The crisis was far worse in rural areas. Almost two thirds of the rural populace became reliant on relief food. With the U.S raising tariffs in their market, the Canadian wages and prices consequently fell by significant margins. Foreign investments drastically reduced, rates of crimes increased, and the population growth severely narrowed down. The other threatening situation was the escalating rates of unemployment. After World War II Canad a’s economy today is one of the largest economies in the world, with approximately US$1.74 trillion nominal GDP. According to the research conducted in 2010 and 2011, the country was ranked as the world’s ninth and eleventh largest economy per income capita respectively. In economic freedom as per the heritage index, Canada is ranked the highest liberal economy across the entire North of American bloc and Europe beating major economies like the US and Germany. For instance, in 2008, the country imported record goods valued slightly over US$443 billion. Out of these, goods worth $281 billion originated from the US, $12 billion from Japan, and about $ 11.2 from the UK (Messick and Kimura 21-40). Canadian economy is a mixed economy relying mostly on its natural resources and international trade. On natural resources, Canada’s economy mainly relies on the logging and petroleum industries, which mainly come after manufacturing, mining, and service sectors. Of the thr ee sectors, the service industry stands out as the primary sector housing about three quarters of the country’s labor force. The country also exports energy, which is an uncommon phenomenon in first world nations. Presumably, the Atlantic Canada contains immense offshore-deposits of natural gas that are yet to be fully explored. However, the massive Athabasca oil sands position the country as the second largest home to verified oil reserves. Apart from the gas and oil industry, agricultural products also dominate the country’s economy. The country does well in wheat, and canola amongst others. Additionally, the country has erected major buildings in its towns because of timber the availability. Mining explorations have indeed made Canada a leading producer of zinc and uranium. The country also does well in gold, nickel, and aluminum. There are also leading signs that the country could be equally rich in lead, though the sector needs further exploration. The other remai ning major industries are automobiles and aeronautics. On the international trade market, Canada is one of the top 10 trading states in the world. It is a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), G7 8, APEC, UN, G20, and NATO. While these affiliations have contributed to its economic growth, its complex relationships, particularly with the US, have propelled Canada to great economic heights. Canada has long and significant relationship with the US dating back to the World War II. In 1988, the two nations signed another agreement, the Canada–US Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which removed all the economic tariffs between them. In 1994, the two countries extended the olive branch to other countries in the North American region under the agreement of the North American Free Trade (NAFTA) to expand their free trade market. Through these accords, the country managed to pay all its national debts and considerably incr eased surpluses in its annual budget. Economic Recession The worst crisis in the Canadian economic history happened in 2008 during the global financial recession. By the end of the year, Canada was already recording one of the highest unemployment rates in the region. By the end of 2009, the country’s national unemployment figure had hit 8.6 per cent. Regions of Labrador and Newfoundland were the highest hit in terms of unemployment, with the rates shooting as high as 17 per cent. The only province that was not seriously affected was Manitoba, with a low unemployment rate of 5.8 per cent. Between 2008 and 2010, the country’s labor market significantly reduced. Approximately, about 224,000 permanent jobs were lost. Another 163,000 around the clock jobs (full time) were also lost. Going by the scales, between 2008 and 2009, the Canadian state lost about $464 billion. The amount lost for the fiscal year 2010 – 2011, translates into a federal debt of about $567 bill ion, a real scaring figure for an economy. Its foreign debt, as of 2010, had also risen to an estimated amount of $ 194 billion. However, comparing the Canadian economic situation at the end of the crisis with other G8 nations, one would say Canada had better structures to contain the situation. One of the reasons could be that the federal government had set aside some budgetary surpluses in the previous years. It could also be the country’s regulated banking sector, which many economists believe was a better bailout for the country under the financial circumstances. Again, prior to the crisis, the federal state had also put long-term structures and policies that probably helped to lower the national debt significantly. On an average assessment, the global crisis of 2008 had minimal destruction to the Canadian economy compared to the other G8 nations. As of this year (2012), the Canadian economy is doing well and the worst hit sectors during the recession are steadily stabili zing. The country is also reaching out to new partners, especially the Asian countries, to expand its market. The Canadian industries have â€Å"begun reaching out to the Asian markets in order to diversify their exports† (Heinbecker and Momani 161). In the recent months, for instance, there have been wide talks with China to build an oil pipeline between the countries in order to facilitate in selling out its reserves to China. Canada has also tightened its economic relationship with the US to propel its economy (Heinbecker and Momani 161). GDP Growth Rate Canada’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in its entire economic history is estimated at an average growth rate of 0.83 per cent. The lowest GDP of -1.8 percent was recorded in 2009 during the global financial crisis, while the highest growth rate at an average of 3.33 percent was reached in 1963. As of the second quarter of this year, Canada’s GDP growth rate rose by 0.5 per cent from the rate of the previous qu arter. GPD growth rate is particularly important to the Canadian economy because it provides an aggregate measure of the country’s goods and services given its diverse and highly developed market (OECD 28). Conclusion Canada’s economy is one of the â€Å"largest economies in the world, with approximately US$1.74 trillion nominal GDP† (OECD 28). According to the research conducted in 2010 and 2011 respectively, the country was ranked as the world’s ninth and eleventh largest economy per capita income. As of the second quarter of 2012, the growth rate of GDP had risen by 0.5 per cent from that of the previous quarter. In economic freedom as per the heritage index, Canada is ranked the highest liberal economy across the North American bloc and Europe, beating major economies like the US and Germany. While the staples thesis argues that the Canadian economy primarily revolves on its natural resources, most analysts today believe that there is a great balance between the country’s natural resources and its international trade relationships. Altman, Morris. â€Å"Staple Theory and Export-Led Growth: Constructing Different Growth.† Australian Economic History Review 43.3 (2012): 230-55. Print. Carlos, Ann, and Frank Lewis. â€Å"Property rights, competition, and depletion in the eighteenth century Canadian fur trade: the role of the European market.†Ã‚  Canadian Journal of Economics 32.3 (1999): 705-28. Print. Cyr, Hugo. Canadian Federalism and Treaty Powers: Organic Constitutionalism at  Work. Brussels: Peter Lang, 2009. Print. Easterbrook, Thomas, and Hugh Aitken. Canadian Economic History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988. Print. Easterbrook, Thomas, and Mel Watkins. Approaches to Canadian Economic History:  A selection of Essays. Carleton: McGrill-Queens, 1988. Print. Heinbecker, Paul, and Bessma Momani. Canada and the Middle East: In Theory and  Practice. Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2007. Print. Kalman, Bobbie. Canada: The Land. Alberta: Crabtree Publishing Company, 2009. Print. Leslie, Peter. Canada: The State of the Federation. Ontario: IIGR, Queen’s University, Print. Martin, Ged. Britain and the Origins of Canadian Confederation, 1837-67. Ontario: UBC Press, 1995. Print. Messick, Richard, and Kaku Kimura. World Survey of Economic Freedom 1995-1996:  A Freedom House Study. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1996. Print. Norrie, Ken, and Rick Szostak. â€Å"Allocating Property Rights over Shoreline: Institutional Change in the Newfoundland Inshore Fishery.† Newfoundland and Labrador  Studies 20.2 (2005): 27-56. Print. OECD. OECD Regions at a Glance 2011. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2011. Print. Ward, Tony. â€Å"The Origins of the Canadian Wheat Boom 1880-1910.† Canadian Journal  of Economics 24.4 (1994): 856-83. Print.

Green criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Green criminology - Essay Example In addition to causing severe environmental damage, it also affects the basic right of human beings to a healthy environment (Ajunwa, 2007). Illegal dumping of toxic wastes, which are generated in developed countries such as Europe and America, in to third world countries such as Africa, South-east Asia, India and China has become a routine in the recent past. This is mainly due to the huge quantities of toxic wastes such as electronic and petrochemical wastes, asbestos and wastes from refineries and shipping industries that are being generated. Such illegal dumping has had an enormous impact on the health of people living in the developing nations especially in countries such as Africa. Reports suggest that there is an increase in the number of deaths and diseases caused by such illegal dumping of toxic wastes. Following increased dumping of waste products in the developing world, the Basel convention laid down regulations to control the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes wh ich prevented the export of toxic wastes from the developed nation to the developing world. However, subsequent inspection of ports in the European nations reveled that nearly 47% of wastes that was destined for illegal export a recent incident being the dumping of about 550 tones of toxic wastes in the Abidjan port by the firm Trafigura Beheer BV. This situation calls for stricter policies which are required in order to prevent the use of developing nations as a dumping ground (Godoy, 2010). Hazardous wastes include solids, liquids or gases that may cause harm to both humans and the environment. Increased production of such wastes by certain multinational companies initiated the export of such wastes to countries such as Africa. This led to serious environmental damage by affecting the water and air quality that killed many children and adults. Estimates show that nearly 300 million tones of

Real estate economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Real estate economics - Assignment Example This layout perceives a city as a pattern of settlement, which can be described using concentric regions. In this case, the epicentre represents the Central Business District (CBD). Here, any economic activity is highly regarded since the market is accessible to all. In order to understand the monocentric models, four primary factors are considered. They include; the fact that, the CBD acts as the core area of activities, where transport lines are connected to (Lin, 2014). Secondly, the people living in the CBD live in other cities, which surround the CBD, thus have to commute on a daily basis to the CBD. The third characteristic is the intercity transportation, where the goods obtained from the CBD are ferried to other cities, through common means of transport, such as rail and roads. Since the people here are in constant business, they exchange ideas and participate in a given trend of activities. As a result, they develop a culture, which further stratifies the layout of the monoc entric city. Here, the forms of settlement are stratified and distinctively isolated to a given economic class. The land rates are expected to be highest in the CBD and reduce outwards. Here, the main occupants of the CBD include businesses and offices. These groups of tenants are willing to pay high rent, since they seek to position themselves strategically, in order to access the customers’ strategic locations (Hanushek, 2014). In this research, the area selected is Manchester city, with all the cities around it. They include Oldham, Rockdale, Salford, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan. The choice was based on the economic significance of the cities. In addition, the density of settlements and the accessibility of the areas. Then, the researcher opted to concentrate on the rateable values and area of the rented space (Madariaga, 2014). The combination of the two parameters