Bora Bora Hotel Pestle Economics

Economic factors Tourism and service industries are two biggest sectors in Bora Bora, French Polynesia, about 40 percent of employees work in the Service sector. In 1997, almost eighty percent of the whole GDP in this country was from service sector. During the end of the last millennium, there has been a huge economic decline in the whole French Polynesia, mainly in Tahiti and Bora Bora. But with the economic help of France and clearing the rumors of nuclear experiences the country’s economy started to grow.This country’s climate is very beneficial for hotels, because almost all year it’s warm and the exotic nature always attracts people. Lately, there has been a huge increase of tourists that travel to Bora Bora, because of the newly built hotels and airports. This is a huge factor for our chosen hotel, Hilton, because if more people will want to go to this area, there has to be more hotels for their accommodation.But other hotel chains are also interested in b uilding new hotels in Bora Bora, because of its newly found Brand recognition as a holiday resort and growing economy. Bora Bora does not produce a lot of goods, so they have to be imported. Which is mainly the Hotels problem, because the Levies  and excises on imported goods and licensing fees in the whole French Polynesia are the highest ones. The main objects that Bora Bora imports include food, fuel, building materials,  consumer goods  and automobiles.Because they are imported, these goods cost more for the hotel than the natively made ones. Their main importers are United States and France. In the world chart, French Polynesia is in the two hundred twelfth place, with the inflation rate of 1. 1, while for example, Denmark’s inflation rate is 2. 8, United States inflation rate is 3. 1. In 2008, the currency exchange was 16. 5 French Polynesian francs for one US dollar.

Meaning of life †Life Essay

â€Å"Life neverseems to be the waywe want it butwe have to liveit the bestwaywecan! There isnoperfectlife,but we can fill it with PERFECT MOMENTS HOPE & END r always there for everyone! Depends on us how we deal with them.. A HOPELESS END! or An ENDLESS HOPE! The joy that u give to othersis d joy thatflows backinto ur life! A happy heart makes a cheerful face! May all ur days b as lovely as ur heart Destiny Is No Matter Of Chance, It Is A Matter Of Choice, It Is Not A Thing To Be Waited For, It Is A Thing To Be Achieved. When there is confusion between your heart and mind, Don`t listen to your mind because mind knows everything But your heart knows only U. The difference between a successful person And others is not a lack of strength, Not a lack of knowledge Rather lack of will. † Success isn`t key 2 happiness.. but happiness is d key 2 success†¦. so keep yourself happy 2 b happy & successful.. † We Will Open The Book. Its Pages Are Blank We Are Going To Put Words On Them Ourselves The Book Is Called â€Å"OPPORTUNITY†. Each Of Us Makes Our Own Weather Determines The Color Of The Skies In The Emotional Universe Which We Inhabit. Don`t Think About â€Å"What You Have Got†¦ † Think About â€Å"How To Use It That You Have Got†¦ † A paper flying in air isdue to its luck buta bird is flying due to its effort. So if luck is not with u,efforts are always there to support U Hard-work is like stairs and luck is like lift. Sometimes lift may fail but stairs will always take you to the top. Have a successful life. Fallen flowers can not climb back. So do not think about the past. Love the Present. Live for the Future, with a beautiful & sweet Smile. 🙂 Every man has in himself a continent of undiscovered character†¦ Happy is he who acts as the `COLUMBUS` to his own soul†¦. Beautiful Message by Mother Teresa: â€Å"If you cannot love a person whom you see, then how can you love GOD whom you have never seen† Experiences are like waves,They come to u on shore of life,Drag the sand from beneath your feet,But each wave makes u stand on a new base. If you worry about a trouble it becomes double but when u smile at it,itdisappears like a bubble so always smile atyour problem. keep smiling If people around you, are trying to pull you down. Be proud about it. B`coz it only means one thing that: â€Å"YOU ARE ABOVE THEM† sweetness in your speech talent in your mind love in your heart peace in your eyes strength in your hands& I wish always victoryin your life â€Å"Persistence† Is The Twin Sister Of â€Å"Excellence† One Is A Matter Of Quality The Other A Matter Of Time †¦ Work For A Cause Not For Applause Live Life To Express Not To Impress Don`t Strive To Make our Presence Noticed Just Make Your Absence Felt. Luck is likesand in hands,Itwill sneak outthrough fingers,no matergripped firmly or heldloosely. Only hands inthe praying posture can save it It is better to cry than to be angry, because anger hurts others while tears flow silently threw the soul and cleanses the heart.. Do Good to Everyone Without Expecting Much.. As an old proverb says:-â€Å"Some Fragrance always remains in HANDS of Those who Distribute ROSE..! † An Airplane is Always Safe at GroundBut It`s not Made for That. So Always Take Some Meaningful Risks in Life to Achieve Great Pleasure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Very true line When nails grow long we cut nails, not our fingers. Similarly wn misunderstandings grow up, cut ur ego not ur relation! Simple line but great meaning Empty Pockets teaches million things in life But, Full Pockets spoil`s you in million ways. Personality is:Who we are and what we do when everybody is watching..! Character is:Who we are and what we do when Nobody is watching. Frogs had competition to Reach Top of Hill. AllFrogs shouted,Its Impossible. But 1 Frog Reachedthe Top How? He wasDeaf Be DEAF toNEGATIVE Words A Valuable Lesson that A Traffic Signal Teach Us: Every Problem is like a Red Signal, If we Wait for Some Time, It will Turn Green. Power and money are marvelous sources if they remain in pocket but they are terrible masters once they enter the head. Every little smile can touch somebody`s heart. No one is born happy. But all of us are born with the ability to create happiness. Always be hpy Silence is the fence around wisdom! If your foot slips,U can always regain your balance. But if your tongue slips,U can never recall the words Past is Waste Paper, Present is News Paper, Future is Question Paper, Life is Answer Paper, So, Care fully Read &Write it and enjoy life! Every problem in life has a gift inside.. So don`t get upset when you face problem. It may have more beautiful ending than your expectation. Don`t cry over what is gone, Smile about what remains. No matter whats lost, You can still always find value in what is left.! A Winning Horse doesn`t know what is wining, He only runs in pain given by his rider, So whenever ur in pain, think that God wants u to win. All birds find shelter during a rain. But Eagle avoids rain by flying above the Clouds. Problems r common, but attitude makes the difference We think there is endless time to live, But we never know which moment is last So share care.. Love and celebrate every moment of LIFE. Comparison is The Best Way to Judge Our Progress, But Not With Others. Compare ur Yesterday With Ur Today To Get The Best Results. Definition of â€Å"Human Being† by A Philosopher: A Creature That Cuts Trees, & Makes Paper, & On Those Papers They Writes â€Å"SAVE TREES† Every successful person has a painful story, Every painful story has a successful ending. Accept the pain & get ready to success. Great Thought: When we cant laugh again on the same joke, then why do we cry again and again for the one and the same pain. BEST LINES: Dont read success stories, You will get only message. Read failure stories, You will get some ideas to get success. There is always a hope and an end. It depends on us how we deal with them. We can look at it as a hopeless end. or an Endless Hope. Life never turns the way we want. But we live it in the best way we can. There`s no perfect life, But we can Fill it with perfect moments Mistake increase your experience and experience decrease your mistakes You learn from mistakes While the other learn from your sucsess. Life is Better When You`re Happy But Life is At its Best When Other People Are Happy Because Of U. Be Inspired. Give Peace.. And Share Smile . You Can`t Bring Back The Past, For It is All Gone. All You Can Do is Let Go, Move on,and Make Better Memories For The Future. Feelings are like waves, We can`t stop them from coming, But we can choose which one to surf. It`s a beautiful balmy day! Think about this:There are almost 8 billion people on Earth. and you are going to let just ONE person to ruin your day? Have a wonderful day!! Sometimes you gotta do more than rock the boat. Sometimes†¦ you gotta jump in head first and make some waves.. It`s a beautiful day! Plant around you today the SEEDS of Optimism and Kindness.. and tomorrow you can reap its FRUITS of Love and Happiness†¦ appy weekend! STRENGTH doesn`t come from what you can DO It comes from OVER COMING the THINGS you ONCE THOUGHT you COULDN`T. Have a great day! Surround yourself with people who are going to lift u HIGHER! Life is already filled with those whowant to bring u down to your knees. There areno random acts. Weare all connected. Ucan no more separateone life from anotherthan u can separate a breezefrom the wind. God Bless Us Having Lips. and not usingthem to smile,is like having. A million dollars in the bankand forgetting theaccount number. SMILEand have a hpy day! â€Å"To respect people who are HIGHER than u, it`s ORDINARY. To respect people who are LOWER than u,it`s EXTRA ordinary. † Sometimes you gotta shut up, swallow your pride and accept that you re wrong. It`s not giving up, it`s called growing up. When â€Å"I†is replaced by â€Å"WE†.. Even â€Å"ILLNESS† turns into â€Å"WELLNESS. † Have a happy weekend! U Better Live Ur Best and Act your Best 2day For today Is The Sure Preparation For Tomorrows and All Other Tomorrow That Follow It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare, it is because we do not dare that they are difficult. The mindis like a clock Thatis constantly running down. It has to be woundUp daily with good thoughts. Don`t go throughlife,Grow through life Anything is more important When u can not get it. When u can get it This is less important for u. This is nature of every human. If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader. Every bad situations have something positive.. Even a stopped clock is correct twice a day. â€Å"Logic Of Time† When Time Never Stops For Us, Then Why Do We Always Wait For The Right Time..? No Time Is Wrong To Do The Right Thing .! Waves Are Inspiring, Not Because They Rise And Fall, But Because They Never Fail To Rise Again. Have A Rising Day. An Inspiring Fact: If You Can Still Smile When you are Completely Broken Up, Then There Can be Nothing That Can Break you Next Time! A Lifetime Inspiring Thought† Always Try Your Best To Get Whatever You Love.. Otherwise You Will Be Forced To Love Whatever You Get.. Sucess does not depend on making important decisions quickly, but depends on your quick actions on important decisions. Forget Past Failures! Focus on the NOW and What needs to be done today to help you achieve your dreams! When you are following your energy and doing what you want all the time, the distinction between work and play dissolves. When unexpectd situations come in front of you, what does it mean..? It means that you are Moving Ahead Faster than you expectd..! Great motivational words written on the entrance of an American university.. â€Å"I know I am something, because God doesn†t create garbage.! â€Å"Every Morning Get Up `n Look Through The List Of Richest People In The World, If Your Name Is Not There, Please Go To WORK! † Learn to confront your fears head on because sometimes what you fear is not even worth your fear. God has given you what it takes to achieve all your aims in Life. Therefore put into action your effort first befor u think about a miracle. I want to be the greatest of me, For this is all I can do. It is my wish that you promise me this, you be the greatest of you.! A Stone is broken by the last stroke, This doesn`t mean 1st stroke was useless. Success is a result of continues Daily Effor.! †Waiting to win is common to all, But working to win is style of a champion ! Be a Champion and win the world !! A lamp doesnt speak.. It introduces itself through its light.. Achievers never expose themselves. But their achievements expose them ! â€Å"Best reason for our failures† We are expecting ORANGE by standing under a MANGO tree! So We should change Either our expectation or tree.! When you`re following your energy `n doing what you want all the time, the distinction between work and play dissolves.! In The CAMERA Of Your Mind . Load The ROLL Of Your Good Thoughts .. Press The BUTTON Of Your Hard Work .. `n Get The Photo Of Your Success. Confidence Helps To Set Some Aim.. But,Self Confidence Helps To Achieve That Aim. So, Never Lose Your Self Confidence..! If You Are Successful You Will Win Some False Friends And Some True Enemies Succeed Anyway Be Like A Dolphin. Even Though There Are Dangerous Sharks Arround That In The Ocean. It Simply Enjoys The Swimming`n Celebrates On Its Own..! Victory Is Not The Property Of Brilliants.. It Is The Crown For Those Who Bow Themselves In Front Of Hard Work `n Confidence When Flood Comes â€Å"Fish Eat Ants† When Flood Goes Down â€Å"Ants Eat Fish† Time Matters .. â€Å"GOD Gives Opportunity To Everyone. † Negative Thinking IsAs Important AsCreativeThinking, BecauseIf Creative Thinking Invents Aeroplane,Then Negative Thinking Invents Parachute. Umbrella cant stop Rain but make us 2 Stand in Rain,. Confidence May Not Bring Success But It Gives Power To Face Any challenge.! Whatever we do, We Must Always Remember Our Aim. If You Want To Fly With EAGLES, Don`t Swim With DUCKS. TIME Is A Rare LuxuryWhich Can Never Be Purchased At Any Cost. So when,Someone Spends it For u,It defines the depth of care One Has For you.! A Soft Nature Of A Person Doesn`t Mean Weakness.. Remember.. Nothing Is Softer Than Water.. But Its Force Can Break The Strongest Of Rock.! Nice one:- If You Love Someone, Be Brave Enough To Tell Them. , Otherwise Be Brave Enough To Watch Them To Be Loved By Someone Else.. 🙂 Awesome Lines: â€Å"Live Well `n Happily, Its The Best Revenge To Those Who Have Hurt You †n Avoided You†.! Without crossing the worst situations,No one can touch the best corners of life. Dare to face any situation. Try Hard to Achieve high in Life. It Is Always Good To CompromiseOnly When The Other Side Understands Your Feelings,But Its Not Good To BendSo Much That u Lose Your Existence Respect Those Who Find Time For You In Their Busy Schedule.. But Really Love Those Who Never See Their Schedule.. When You Need Them.! Best Attitude For Living: My Pain May Be The Reason For Somebody`s Laugh But My Laugh Must Never Be The Reason For Somebody`s Pain.! We may not Achieve Everything that we Dream. But We will not Achieve Anything unless we Dream..!! Night is longer than day for those who dream `n Day is longer than night for those who make their Dreams come true. Really Nice Lines†¦ â€Å"Never take the Help Of Tears to Show Your Emotions.. `n Never Take the Help Of Words to Show Your Anger†..! When the Mirror of LIFEGets Dirty with the Fog of Reality,Try Wiping it out with Your FAITH,You Can See the Clear Reflection Of Your Dream:) Making memorable moments forYourself is not a big thing. But,You being the key person in others memorable moments is an everlasting thing..!! Journey of Life Is Exciting when You challenge Your own Weakness.. Sometimes Your Enemy Teaches You Better Than Your Friends.! â€Å"I hated every minute of Training. but I Said don`t Quit. Suffer now `n Live the rest of Your Life as a Champion† LIFE is very similar to a Boxing RING.. DEFEAT is not declared When you fall DOWN.. It`s declared when You REFUSE to Get Up..!! No Matter How Many Times The Teeth Bite The Tongue, They Still Stay Together In One Mouth. That`s The Spirit Of FORGIVENESS..! â€Å"If your head tells u onething andyour hearttells u another;before u do anything. Decide first whether u have a betterhead or a better heart† Nice Saying from aBroken Heart†I`ll ContinueMy LoveEven IfMy Love Fails`Coz,Howwould I hate the heartwhich made me toLove more than My Life† I Knows That A Lot of People Hate Me,Because I am Bad. But. Few People Surely Love Me,Because They Know That My Little Goodness Is Not Fake .. Never hold your head high with pride or ego. Remember, Even the winner of a gold medal gets his medal only when he puts his head down 🙂 Living alone is really better than living with fake people, who hate you but act like loving you. Great Thought: When we cant laugh again on the same joke. then why do we cry again and again for the one and the same pain. Without Tasting The Worst Situation, No One Can Taste The Best Thing Of Life. . . . Dare To Face Anything in Your Mysterious Life Don`t Think About â€Å"What You Have Go†¦. † Think About â€Å"How To Use It That You Have Got†¦. † A paper flyingin air is due to its luck but a birdis flying due to its effort. So if luck isnot with u, efforts arealways there to support U Nothing is predestination, the obstacles of your past can become the gateways that leads to the new beginnings. Life Will Never Provide Warranties and Guarantees It Can Only Provide Possibilities and Opportunities To Convert Them intosuccess !!! Without forgiveness life is governed by an endless cycle of resentment and retaliation. Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity. Management fundamental for success. if you don`t like any rule, Just follow it, reach the top And change the rule. Life is at its weakest When There`s more Doubt than trust But Life is at its strongest When you learn How to trust In spite of The doubts . Erasers are for people who make errors. But a better saying: Erasers are for people willing to correct their mistakes. Do not make your aim like the garden because everyone walk on it But make your aim like the sky so everyone wish to touch it. There are only two Things you â€Å"have to† Do in life .. You â€Å"have to† die.. And You â€Å"have to† live Until you die .. You make up All the rest†¦.. The power is detested, and miserable the life, of him who wishes to be feared rather than to be loved. TRY is a small word that can make a Big Difference.. If we TRY, we only RISK FAILURE, But if we dont TRY then we ENSURE FAILURE. Comparsion is the best way to judge our progress.. But not with others.. Compare Your Yesterday with your Today.. Some things you have to do every day. Eating seven apples on Saturday night instead of one a day just isn`t going to get the job done. Yesterday I was Clever, So, I wanted to Change the World, But Today I am Wise, So I am Changing Myself.. It is better to deserve honours And not have them than To have them and not deserve them. Success isn`t a matter of being d best nd winning d race. Success is a matter of handling d worst nd still finishing d race. A sunset here is a Sunrise on the other end of the worldWe must NEVER give up. BecauseWhat appears to be theend may actually be aNew Begining The mind is like a clockThat is constantly running down. It hasto be woundUp daily with goodthoughts. Don`t go through life,Grow through life Anything is more important When you can not get it. When you can get it This is less important for you. This is nature of every human. If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more,do more and become more, you are a leader. The Most Determinative nd Motivating Sentence Which should Always Be Followed In Life. The Race is not Over Because I Haven`t WON Yet A Child onFarm Sees PlaneFly Overhead. AndDreams of a FarAway Place. The Pilot on The Plane SeesThe Farmhouse,AndDreams ofHis Home. That`s Life â€Å"A mountain is not higher than our confidence it will be under our feets, if we reach the top†¦ † Coins always make sound but The currency notes are always silent. So, when your value increases Keep yourself calm and silent. When u feel depressed,confused or hurt. Don`t worry stand in front of a mirror,u will find the best one to solve your problem. Trust Yourself! â€Å"Honey bees must tap two hundred flowers To make one drop of honey.. † Remember: The sweetest reward comes from the hardest struggle.. The basic difference between God and Human.. God; gives,gives,gives and 4gives. Human; GETS,gets,gets and 4gets. Everybody is weak. Everybody fails. Being strong is fighting. It`s hard and it`s painful and It`s every day. It`s what we have to do. When you believe†¦ something can be done, your mind will find the ways to do it. Believing in a solution paves the way to a solution !! To find what you seek in the road of life, the best proverb of all is that which says: â€Å"Leave no stone unturned. † People often say that Motivation doesn`t last. Well, neither does bathing – That`s why we recommend it daily. Luckey is who get the opportunity Brilliant is who creates da oppertunity Winner is who uses the opportunity Have A Great Day ! Best Of LucK. Life is too short. If we work Good. Or If we work Bad. In 2 cases life will end. So if we work good than we are died peacefully. Whenever you see a successful person you see the public glories, never see the private sacrifices to reach them†¦ We must stop assuming that a thing which has never been done before probably cannot be done at all. I know I`m Something, Because Go doesn`t Create Garbage†¦ Words written on the Entrance of An American University†¦.. Can we do romance in the evening today? I`m in a good mood Just a little bit of kissing and biting Reply me soon! Urs lovingly MOSQUITO Maturity is achieved when a person postpones immediate pleasures for long-term values. Do not limit your challenges Challenge your limits. Born with personality is an accident, BUT Dying as a personality is an achievement. MY WAY OF LIFE . People Laugh Because i am Different,And i Laugh Because They Are All the Same,Thats Called`ATTITUDE`. â€Å"LIVE IT YOUR OWN WAY† â€Å"Born with the personality is an Accident. But To die as a `Personality is an Achievement`.. Achieve the best in youe Life !! Old concept: â€Å"Do or Die† New concept: â€Å"Do b4 u die† Latest concept: â€Å"Don`t die, until u do†. Champions aren`t made in the gym. Champions are made from something They have deep inside a Desire, a Dream, a Vision. Take the first step in FAITH you don`t have to see the whole staircase just take the first step The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. Life is a great travel trip.. Problem is that it doesnt come with a map. We`ve to search our own ways to reach the Destinations..! Now the World is becoming a Bad Place to Live In,, Not because of Bad People,, But Due to Silence of the Good People.. Have a Peaceful Day.. Always have a unique character like salt, It`s presence is not felt But it`s absence makes all things tasteless. Golden words If People Around You Are Trying to Pull You Down, Be Proud of It! It Only Means One Thing, That You Are Above Them. The whole secret of a successful life Is to find out what is one`s destiny to do, And then do it. Never hold yourself solely responsible for any misfortune in life because no single raindrop is never alone responsible for any flood. Never change your originality For the sake of others. Because no one can play your role Better than you. So be yourself. You are the best. The art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it. The boundaries which divide life from death are at best shadowy and vague, Who shall say where one ends. and the other begins? It is hard to fail, But it is worse never to have tried to succeed. Winners believe that they create their own luck by their actions; losers believe in good and bad luck. The significance of a man Is not in What he attains But In what He longs to attain. A fantastic quote for life: Satisfy the person who expects from U, Rather than surprising the person who never expects anything. Above all, challenge yourself. You may well surprise yourself at what strengths you have, What you can accomplish. When you remember how hard it is to change yourself, You begin to understand what little chance we have of changing others. Look at the Clock when u r sitting simply. But Never Look at Clock When U r working. The Hard Reality of Life is that.. When u need ADVICE, Everyone is ready to HELP You.. But When u need HELP, Everyone is Ready toADVISE You. Failure is the only opportunity to begin the same work with more intelligency.. A good plan of today is better than a great plan of tomorrow. Look backward with satisfaction & look forward with confidence. â€Å"If you want to enjoy anything, always think today is the first day But If you want to achieve anything always think today is the last day. In each single day we smile and laugh so many times. We never thank Allah afterevery smile but wedo blame complain Him for every tear we cry Once a wise man was asked: What is meaning of life He said: Life itself has no meaning, life is an opportunity to create a meaning .. Life is too short, To Kiss Slowly, Laugh Insanely, Love Truly and Forgive Quickly †¦ Never design your character like a garden,Where anyone can walk. Design your character like the sky, Where everyone candesire to reach Hitler Life is Better When You`re Happy But Life is At its Best When Other People Are Happy Because Of U.. Be Inspired.. Give Peace.. And Share Smile You Can`t Bring Back The Past, For It is All Gone. All You Can Do is Let Go. Move on, and Make Better Memories For The Future. â€Å"Take a sweet smile when you are insulted. Sometimes, a smile is enough to make them regret with their words. â€Å" It is better to be admired than to be popular. Strive to be better yourself, and not to please others If You Don`t Believe In Miracles, Perhaps You`ve Forgotten You Are One;-) Have A Happy Weekend! Enjoy! :-* There comes a time when you have to stop remembering your mistakes and move on. No regrets in life,just lessons. You cannot always wait for the perfect time, sometimes you must dare to jump. Have a great day! If people make you feel that you are less needed, learn to do this: KEEP DISTANCE The one that angers you controls you. Don`t give anyone that power! especially the one who does it intentionally. 🙂 Have an exceptional day Never apologize for saying what you feel†¦. That`s like saying sorry for being REAL. One lie is all it takes for someone to lose interest in you. It`s always best to be upfront, remaining real and to tell the truth Don`t point out other people`s flaws because you`re not perfect. You have to look in the mirror before you can look out the window. A tongue has no bones but it can hurt someone`s feelings. So always be concious and be wise on what you`ll say. A mountain is not higher than your confidence.. for it will be under your feet when you reach the top.. Have a cool day! â€Å"Hot heads and cold hearts can never solve anything. † Scarcity is counting the number of seeds in an apple. Abundance is contemplating the number of apples in a seed. May u have an abundant life! Our life is filled with a promiseof beautiful experiences,but only if westop and notice all the little things thatmake up the whole picture. A valuable lesson that a traffic signal teaches us: â€Å"Every problem is like a Red Signal, If you wait for some time, it will Turn Green. † REJECTIONS has a useful purpose that is, for us to learn either to change ourselves for the better or to justify who we are. Happiness is like a rainbow. Sometimes we can only see it after weve shed enough tears in our cloudy days. May you find happiness every day! HOPE is the little voice you hear whisper â€Å"maybe† when it seems the entire world is shouting â€Å"no. † Never lose hope. Have a great day! Instead of wishing you were someone else, be proud of who you are, you never know whose been looking at you and wishing they could be YOU. aLways try 2 be happy watever Lyf brings.. remember dat evry 60 sec0nds u spend in being upset is a minute of happiness u can nver get back. In this world some people will throw stones in your path. It depends on you what you make from them. A WALL or A BRIDGE! Forget about the world â€Å"Failure. † If you`re always learning new things, you`re always winning in life. Have a cool day! Do not lower your standards to keep anyone. Make them meet you at your level. Self-respect is your power. The 3 C`s of Life: Choices, Chances, Changes. You must make a Choice to take a Chance or your life will never Change. â€Å"Everything that u losehas it`s ownway of returning back to u,the funnything is,it`s not always the way u expect it. Sometimes it`even more. † Those who danced were thought to be quite insane by those who could not hear the music. Show the world you ROCK! Have a wonderful day! HATING people takes too much time. FORGIVE them, not because they deserve it but because you are on a HIGHER level than they are. â€Å"Don`t accuse unless you are able to PROVE and don`t blame unless you are able to FORGIVE and don`t forgive unless you are able to FORGET. † Don`t confuse your path with your destination. Just because it`s stormy now doesn`t mean you aren`t headed for sunshine. God bless us all! Life islike a camera. Focus onwhat`s important,capturethe good times,develop from the negatives and if thingsdon`t work,justtake another shot.

The main function of the Best Recipe Kitchens is to manufacture, supply, sell and install kitchens

The main function of the Best Recipe Kitchens is to manufacture, supply, sell and install kitchens. They do this by making kitchens and providing the customers with the right product sizes. Customers * Individual members of the public come and visit any showroom. * Industrial customers from clubs and restaurants do buy kitchens from them. * The also have companies from developing housing associations. Goods Supplied The company supply's many products which they have manufacturing or besides even manufacturing they order the products from different suppliers and supply them to their customers. * Base units * Wall units * Worktops * Plinths * Bins * Vegetable baskets * Towel rails * Cookers * Washing Machines * Dishwashers * Fridges * Freezers * Waste Pipes * Sockets * Cables All the showrooms have three main sections; – 1. Sales 2. Administration 3. Installations. Sales In this department there is a head who is sales manager the makes sure when a sale is confirmed the member of the staff who handled the sale at the time gets' commission. In their usual salary. * The sales department also hands marketing which has it's own head but still under sales manager. * The marketing Director is responsible for advertising and promoting Best Recipe Kitchens for steady income and to increase sales. * In the sales department the sales staffs that take their time and plan a kitchen on the computer software will make the sales. Administration There is a head of the section is a supervisor. * This department is responsible for all the ICT tasks and administration staff as well. * The department of administration is responsible for sending faxes and ordering goods. * They also send letters to the customers. * Some of the staff check invoices and payments. * They also do a bit of accounts work such as calculations and Humans Resources work. * They put up software's. They also print out the work. But there are varity of printer connected to the network e.g. laser and inkjet. Installation * Installation manger hires people to install kitchens to their customers. * When an order is confirmed the installation manager sends the order so the schedule can be arranged for the contractors as well as the engineer. * At the end of the small process the manager has to produce a whole report at the end of each week. Suppliers There are various suppliers but mainly are related to the warehouse. The warehouse orders goods if they don't manufacture a product in their factories. The suppliers also supply electrical and gas appliance. However The Production manager with warehouse has a very close contact with other suppliers. The warehouse manger is responsible for ordering kitchen fittings, plumbing and electrical goods. But the Production manager only confirms the (missing items) orders by fax. This is a structural diagram for Head office: – Structural diagram for a showroom: – Task 2 Handing The information that is required is who will be buying the kitchen. Where the kitchens are going to come from or to be delivered. What components are needed? How the payment is going to make and how long will it take. So a client will be buying kitchens of their choice. This information is collected and sent to the warehouse where they find the product manually if some merchandise is not manufactured by the company they will purchase them from other companies. The warehouse manager will also be making a contact to the installation manager who signs the contractor and sends the appointment by post, a person will go to take measurement of the kitchen. He will report back to ensure the products have the right measurements. The client pays the payment of 25% to a sales person after the measurements are taken and every thing is cleared a kitchen will be installed. The sales section will collect customer's address and their name also a contact number on a computer in the showroom. And he sends an order form at home. The information is obtained from the order forms, which are given to the customers by post and returned when completed by a completion date. When the information is collected a clerk (from the forms) will input to a computer and this is given to the administration department, which looks at the data and check the order on a hard copy manually. The important details are the order, the addresses and the conformation with the client. The process how an order is placed and how the company keeps in their standards is the order form is returned and the data is inputted in a computer and printed a hard company, which goes to the warehouse where a person manually searches to a product. The warehouse manager faxes the information to the production manager who confirms the order and sends it back to the warehouse manager by fax. The warehouse manager then contacts the suppliers by post. Finally the warehouse manager informs the installation manager who places the order to the clerk who purchases the order for any other appliances required and post them to the appropriate manufacturers. There orders include the customers name and addresses so the goods will be delivered to the customer's house or place. The clerk also sends a conformation letter to the client for installation data also the receipt of the deposit. Also the price of 50% must be paid before all installation is completed. Computers make all the calculations from the purchase receipts and the order forms. All The calculations are made on a computer by the Accounts Department who collects the data on a computer and sends the invoices to the relevant departments or to the relevant people. There are various outputs to the ordering process, which are issued. For example a printed copy is sent by post to the warehouse manager. The warehouse manager sends a fax to the production manager who sends the result back. The warehouse manager sends another letter to the suppliers. Then the warehouse manager sends a letter to the installation manager to confirm the appointment and the whole file is handed to the clerk. This is a Data Flow Diagram of how the customer buys a kitchen from a showroom and companies process to get the order through. This data flow diagram shows when an order is conformed this is how it is processed. Task 3 ICT system used in Head office is linked in a LAN with a single server. Each department has at least one workstation. All workstations are linked with a fast laser printer. The department does have inkjet printer for any one off or confidencail documents. All information is stored in the server and the software's are stored on the same server. The Accounts Department keeps the records of all financial transaction on the servers. The Human Recourses department has to keep the records of its entire staff personal details such as: – * Personal detail (name, address, DOB, emergency contact) * Job (which sector) * Salary or hourly rate * Commission earned * Normal hours * Availability * Hours worked * Medical plans The system in a showroom is not very complex. The system contains various software and is linked with a modem. Three machines with in each showroom are linked with a LAN. The system has word-processing and other general office software's. This system was for a Administration at the back but with out where customers are in the showroom, there are two computers which are stand alone and contain kitchen designed software's. The computers have a TFT screen. The system that is available is fine but needs a lot more work done on it. We can improve the system by allowing the computer that are in the showroom and are designed to make example kitchen design, for those to each linked to a LAN. This will ensure that if a system is down the records are safe. Also a rough plan or designing can be given to the installation department to see now a customer wants his kitchen. If there is any error occurs they can make the adjustments before hand. This will also benefit as the laser colour printers are used only one will be required. With these two computer load up a data base where the customers personal detail can be captured instead of the customer going to the processing clerk. As from the help of LAN the Administration department can capture the data. As the administration has a modem they can send this data to other department such as Accounts of the warehouse. This will save the company a lot of as well as time. as an other disadvantage of a stand alone system is that every thing has to be printed and this will save money for the company. But these computer allocated in the public might have danger of some one unauthorised person using the data and going on to confidential files, so a password will be given and users accounts can be made. EDI From the new technology the Best Recipe Kitchens is far behind to a modern technology such as an EDI (Electronic Data Interchange), which allows the company to do the dealing such as ordering. It is a speedy way of ordering and bookings. The company can make a lot of money by fast systems. No matter what account the invoices can be transferred quickly and instead of passing they can just transfer the data with a click of a button. In a company if the stock goes low it can alert you or even order new stock. It can handle companies' transaction with in there own budgets. This system is really accurate and can eliminate errors. MIS MIS (manager information system) can help managers to do their work more quickly and more efficiently. With this the information comes as a report to the managers. With this if the Best Recipe Kitchens has it the managers can work twice as fast in a way the production manager works like MIS. The production manager requires one or two more people then ha can work much faster. The installation manager can work by himself, as he has to hire contractors. But if we see with MIS he can work much faster with being more accurate. This can also allow the managers to work together as everything is supplied before as reports are made for the mangers so they can decide. This can help accounts manger as well as he can see how much is coming and going. As sales can be analysed in monthly graphs and all the departments can use graphs as well. As warning audio, video can warn if anything goes to a limit. They can even use what if queries to resolve any query to see the out come and if it comes low or to an inappropriate inquest, then they can find an alternative. As all managers can see each other's work and their report and suggest improvement or to even come to a decision. They can create a graph on sale and make a report. This can promote some people in some sectors. This will make the work in the company more efficient.

Las Vegas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Las Vegas - Essay Example As the research stresses constantly updated society has become an icon of the American modern metropolitan experience that demonstrates, through its complex combination of theme park and city, how the spaces and practices of the metropolis have consistently shaped our modern experiences and culture. This paper declares that to remain a national attraction to the greatest possible number of consumers, hotels are quickly changed from one form of entertainment to another, from the glamorous settings of the gangster era to the family-oriented theme-hotels of the 1980s to the more sophisticated flair of the latest ideas represented in the Bellagio, an entire hotel devoted to luxury and the pampering of the cultured adult. This concentration on the new helps visitors to the city buy further into the concept of consumer spending, insisting they must participate in the latest events, gamble at the latest hotel/casino and be seen in the latest locations. It is this rapidly changing climate, as well, that Simmel suggests creates an atmosphere in which man must â€Å"react with his head instead of his heart† as the only means by which he can survive the constant sudden shifts in impressions. That the surrounding culture has bought into this concept of constant change and adaptation is evidenced in the speed with which individuals, including superstars like Brittany Spears, make life-changing decisions.

Operation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operation Paper - Essay Example The business operations need to be overseen by the leaders of a particular organization which ensures that the set targets are achieved and even surpassed. The operations of the businesses undertaken by the organization need to be well organized as well. Organizations of all forms have a group of leaders who oversee the running of its daily business. The codes of conduct followed by the leaders of the organization are stipulated in the constitution of the memorandum of understanding of a particular organization. The leadership of the organization has to have leaders who are well versed with the operations of the business (Ryans, More, Deutscher 49). If the organization is a form of innovation, its operations have to be run by an entrepreneur who came up with a business idea being implemented in a particular organization. Alternatively, if the entrepreneur or the owner of the business is just an initiator of the idea, entrepreneurs can come up with newer innovations to improve the entrepreneurs’ ideas. For an organization to reach its profit targets, it should treat all its stakeholders well. This is because, the stakeholders, most especially the consumers, creditors and employees play a key role in production and supply. If an employee, creditor and consumer are satisfied, profitability will be achieved. The leaders selected to manage the operations of the organization must possess the qualities of good leaders. Organizational leadership is the key to a successful organization since it is a major ingredient to quality output (Ryans, More, Deutscher 70). A business being an organization whose main objective is generating profits needs to be marketed. Business marketing is the act of marketing an organization’s products to another business that further sells it to the consumers. This activity of business marketing is mostly delegated to the marketing department, which is given the role of

The period of time when most egyptians came to u.s Essay

The period of time when most egyptians came to u.s - Essay Example Ten years after the war, a high population of Egyptian professionals of educated elites left their country. A great number of the immigrants who left Egypt between 1967 and 1977 settled in countries with positive legislations that could support supported them. Skilled employees also went to America during this period. Currently the number of Egyptians staying in America is an approximate number ranging from one to two million. One of the factors that favored the migration of the Egyptians to the U.S was the Immigration and Nationality act, passed in 1965. The legislation privileged the migration of professionals and skilled employees to the country, with emphasis on scientists. Most of the immigrants from Egypt settled in various places including New Jersey, Florida and Texas among other southern states mainly occupied by blacks. The southern states were favorable for the Egyptians to occupy because of the temperatures. It is noteworthy that most Egyptians would like to gain permanent residence in America. The role of resolution 242 in creating stability in Egypt, presided by the UN (Cortas, 2009) and Lord Caradon, Britain was

Charlie Chaplin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Charlie Chaplin - Essay Example This discussion of the Gold Rush will look at the different ways in which Chaplin uses the cinematic elements to affect the audience’s perception, and some of the acting tools used by one or more of the actors in this film. The well-loved Chaplin classic stars Charlie as â€Å"The Lonely Prospector†. The 35mm print of this film features Chaplin in his familiar character as the little tramp. This film features the legendary Dance of the Dinner Rolls as Charlie manages to triumph over extreme elements, starvation and unrequited love. In this film, Chaplin falls in love and tries to woo a gorgeous saloon performer acted by Georgia Hale. To begin with, the sequence perfectly showcases Chaplin’s skills a silent performer. Because of the given circumstances, actors express rhythmical movements, gestures and facial mannerisms. For example, when Chaplin and Big Jim were facing starvation, piano tempo was fast displaying frustration (12:26; 21:02). This film contains iconic images; these include: fighting a cabin teetering on a cliff edge over the snowy pass (6:26), to the lone prospector trying to make a meal out of his boiled shoe (17:23), and eating it (18:22). Expressively Chaplin performs the Rolls dance; by sticking forks in two buns and having them dance around on the tabletop (1:01:42). Chaplin’s dance of the Dinner Rolls shows him being serious, yet enjoying the dance. He goes through a planet of know-how’s with each passing moment, and yet all along, those modest rolls are dancing it up at his command. This brings about the aspect of performance within a performance. The diversity of emotion that Chaplin gets into this scene is what is still so fascinating about the film. Act one also contains special effects; for instance when big Jim hallucinated dinner (21:28; 22:40). The unique effects helped the gag work. Depth of field and building frame provided â€Å"picture frame† to highlight the little fellow’s isolation (35:07). Silhouette and solarization effects highlight the â€Å"Little Fellow’s† sense of betrayal. Music and actions in the movie creates various emotions, for instance, when Charlie and Georgia kiss (1:34:28), the music changes to a romantic tone. Another instance is when the rope that Charlie tied around his waist (40:25) is pulled by the dog linked to it; making Charlie fall (41:10). This brings about comical emotions. The re-edited 1943 issue contained music score, sound, removed minutes, and narration. This version appears with a voice over narration added by Chaplin himself in a subsequent release. An acting tool used in this issue by the actors was choreography. This was to keep the audience entertained. The musical score is also extensively employed to establish various moods. Consequently, it is fundamental to the appreciation of the narrative, and emotional engagement with the characters within it. In doing so we may begin to see how his employment of sound could be seen as somewhat pragmatic, turning the new possibilities to his advantage without allowing them to compromise his basic methodology. In particular, attention will be paid to the role of music in the film and to the u se of sound effects and functions that they perform. At various other times in the film, Chaplin uses music to emphasize aspects of the visuals and to signpost changes in the narrative. At several points, for instance, we hear a short, sharp fanfare as the narrative shifts to a new location, or when new characters first enter a scene. This form of musical introduction is used the first

To evaluate the feasibility of a Thai restaurant in Brighton that Essay

To evaluate the feasibility of a Thai restaurant in Brighton that promotes healthier eating - Essay Example The Phenomenological approach studies the life experiences of an individual and derives meaning from them. The realism approach believes that the truth exists independent of human existence, and can be experienced through our experiences and sensations. On the other hand, the Positivism ideology states that the facts that can be scientifically and objectively verified are the only one we should be able to trust. Given that this study wishes to evaluate the desires and opinions of a large group of people, it was believed the Positivist research would serve best in this case. The use of objective data – gathered using an empirical perspective – makes the process more verifiable and thus, valid. It also controls for biases that we may have that could lead us astray in making our decisions. There are a number of approaches to research, and each brings a number of techniques to the table. The decision to use an objective method instead of a subjective one (quantative data instead of qualitative) may be based on the fact that the questions asked by this study pertained to the general opinion of a large group; and not the detailed opinions of a few individuals. Numerical data is more representative of a large population that qualitative data. This is a Deductive study, i.e. – one that verifies the facts in a given condition. This is in contrast to the other option of conducting an inductive study, which would be useful when developing theoretical concepts based on scientifically proven facts. Research strategy   It is proposed that potential clientele be extensively surveyed in order to evaluate the need and demand for a restaurant serving healthy Thai food in Briton. The target population is individuals in the age group of 15-54 years who are primary decision makers when choosing an eating out destination. It was decided that this population be surveyed for their opinions. The process of a Survey was used in order to pick up the specific opinions of a large number of people and analyse the trends thereof (Stangor, 2010). According to the NHS (2009), this consists of approximately  153,000 people. Thus, a minimum sample size of a 100 respondents was chosen in a bid to gain some extent of representativeness. Systematically chosen respondents were chosen and encouraged to fill out the survey form (Kerlinger, 1986). They were given a description of the reasons for conducting the study, and were assured of the value of their inputs. Those respondents who were reluctant w ere not pressed, and the researcher passed on to interview the next chosen respondent. Data thus collected was analysed statistically to verify that any trends seen were not due to chance in order to draw conclusions (McBurney, 1996).

What Is The Primary Teacher's Perspective of History in the National Essay

What Is The Primary Teacher's Perspective of History in the National Curriculum today in Keystage 1 - Essay Example Government policy (both conservative and Labour)has been bitterly criticised for providing a system which is either too elitist or insufficiently so, wasteful of human resources, which is insufficiently demanding of the nation’s children, or which simply fails to compete with the education systems of other industrialised countries. During their long period of government the Conservatives sought to eliminate some of this criticisms in accordance with their political philosophy. The results have been mixed and controversial. On coming into office Labour made education its priority for fundamental transformation. It said it wished to avoid the ideological warfare of previous administrations. The controversy surrounding education results partly from particular historical developments, briefly described below, but also from awareness that the broad mass of schools perform less well than their counterparts in other industrialised countries. New laws have been introduced to implement the Government’s education reforms, the most significant of which are the Educational reforms Act 1988, the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 and the Education Acts of 1993 and 1994. promote value for money through the local or devolved management of schools by delegating responsibility for budget and management decisions directly to school level for all primary, secondary and special schools; build on the success of city technology colleges in urban areas and establish a network of technology colleges to provide free secondary education with a strong bias towards science, technology and mathematics; improve teaching quality, notably through the introduction of teacher appraisal and by reforms in teacher training to focus on practical skills in the classroom, to ensure that the National Gallery is taught adequately; The National Curriculum was introduced in all state

Modern American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern American History - Essay Example Thus, the advent of nuclear weapons has created profound difficulties to the very spirit of liberal democracy; and the tension between nuclear weapons secrecy and the values of liberal democracy is not new now. During the Cold War, the U.S. intelligence community had maintained maddening level of secrecy, especially on matters of defense and to question it was to run the risk of being accused of lack of patriotism, which became the defense mechanism of the McCarthy era. Is it any different now Can we anymore defend our human rights without appearing to be being "for" the terrorists The answer lies somewhere else. Since Machiavelli, secrecy has been seen as a way of the Republic, which must exercise bureaucratic power by governing through such means that must not be concealed. Such intrigue is the first step towards attaining a stronghold into affairs that is free of public scrutiny and thus becomes rigid, canonical and powerful. The present state has become a panopticon who must gaze into the public and private affairs of its people with distinct "mistrust" and hence raise an air of constant alarm. Woodrow Wilson's Woodrow anti-secrecy assertion during the 1912-election campaign held the view that "Government ought to be all outside and no inside," he said, and "there ought to be no place where anything can be done that everybody does not know aboutcorruption thrives in secret places, and we believe it a fair presumption that secrecy means impropriety."1 However, what actually tilted the balance beam towards governmental secrecy were the Atomic Energy Act of 1 946 and the National Security Act of 1947 just during the Cold War era, which established this determined requirement for secrecy beyond the public's eye and beyond their acquiescence. Political theorist Robert Dahl observes this phenomenon of a sudden urge for nuclear secrecy and comments that such requirements are "a tragic paradox" since "these decisions have largely escaped the control of democratic process."2 Secrecy and its norms have largely become effectively dogmatic after September 11. The whole world has really changed forever but not for good. The government terms this as moral obligation to protect secret and balance it constantly against the public's right to access in a culture of openness. Thus is the question is not secrecy oppressive On the contrary, even in the face of such turbulence one can draw the example of the European Convention of Human Rights. The Rights of people, as per ECHR (European Convention of Human Rights) are put above the rights of states out of a realization, borne out of harsh reality, that states acted in self-interest to the detriment of humanity throughout history. From time immemorial, the concept of States always shares a sense of being threatened (especially superpowers like us Americans): a cause and effect relation of dominating and trying to offer resistance. It is generally believed that though there are peaceful and controlled environments exi sting within states, the international arena is anarchical and prone to uncontrollable violence. What these motifs do is put the focus of national security on the protection of one's territorial boundaries and sovereignty. Power comes to be measured through military capability, where everybody starts sharing a sense of being marginalized. The world begins to have an absurd dynamism and begins to operate on a zero-sum game in which, according to

Business ethics Essay Example for Free

Business ethics Essay In business there will always be the line to act with integrity or to lie, cheat, and steal. Famous author Douglas Adams once said, â€Å"To give real service you must add something which cannot be bought or measured with money, and that is sincerity and integrity† (Heathfield, n. d). The priority of any business is to serve the needs and wants of the customer and more important his or her stakeholders. Any business decision made in major corporations must line up with stakeholder’s interests, but more important stakeholders have the social responsibility to represent in the best interest of the entire corporation. The prevalence of so many major scandals with corporations caught in the public is drawing much needed attention on concepts of ethic, and social responsibility. Ethics and corporate responsibility is a direct application of the ideas of in business practice. This papers purpose is to explain the role of ethics and social responsibility in building a strategic plan while incorporating the stakeholder interests. Business execs have the responsibility to adhering to the unspoken ethics they have only not taught but also have enforced by society and the law. Ethics are inherently common sense decisions made by those in authority with the power to affect an entire organization. When, business executives make decisions they must consider business ethics and the organizations (stakeholders) values. Once the essential questions ask is, â€Å"Do the organization’s values reflect accepted society values? (Young, 2004) Business executives must execute strategic business plans where they take into account not only each value associated with each choice, but the consequences of each choice. The interests of the stakeholder are one of the prime obligations of an organization. The demands of the stakeholders are generally to increase profits; this is echoed by economist Milton Friedman, the â€Å"one and only one social responsibility of business is to increase its profits, assuming an honest and open marketplace†. (Bigelow, 2013), According to Friedman also that corporations owe no responsibilities to society. However, critics will disagree that corporate social responsibility is always to put the customer first, which ensures a customer’s happiness and loyalty. Stakeholders are not only investors into companies but they also have voting power, which carries social, and financial influence within the company. Their social responsibility is to the customers and to the employees (Jones, 2012). They have decision power, and ultimate control over allocation of resources. Corporations and organizations ultimately exist to satisfy the needs and agendas of the stakeholders. The problem lies in, however; when the needs and the agendas of the stakeholders can blur the line between what is ethically right and what is considered against the law. The organization’s obligation to the stakeholder is as much as a priority as the relationship to the public. â€Å"The relationship between a customer and a firm exists because of mutual expectations built on trust, good faith, and fair dealing in their interaction† (Ferrell). When creating a strategic business plan the organization must incorporate its social responsibilities for the customer, and prevent any ethical dilemmas. Clear examples that recently have captivated the news over the decade has been the highly publicized cases of Waste Management, Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, HealthSouth, which exaggerated earnings to meet the expectations of stakeholders, Freddie Mac, AIG, Bernie Madoff, and host of others. These examples of accounting fraud, manipulation of books, and stealing from clients made by top executives in the position to meet the expectations of stakeholders and not making ethically sound decisions. To prevent these scandals from occurring, ruining not only the organization, the employees but also the public’s faith within the corporate world, according to research ethical risk management is an option dependent on the infrastructure in which it promotes ethical conduct and standards. The directives and the support from management in the way it manages potential problems with the lack of ethical standards. Because of the number of scandals not only have businesses implemented stronger measures for ethical practices but also have the legal systems. The establishment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002, which came after the scandal of WorldCom, was because the number of major corporations collapsing under the weight of their own unethical practices. According to the SEC, â€Å"the Act mandated a number of reforms to enhance corporate responsibility, enhance financial disclosures and combat corporate and accounting fraud, and created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, also known as the PCAOB, to oversee the activities of the auditing profession† (SEC, 2012). Ethics is a fundamental part of compliance and governance systems. Ethics explicitly should integrate into the elements of strategic planning in businesses. In determining the roles that factor into managing stakeholder’s interests ethically organizations must first take into consideration that the business is the first line of defense in taking responsibility for managing and supervising corporate responsibility effective in accordance with the level of influence the business set by the organization. Executives in a position to communicate to stakeholders must always implement ethical decisions when balancing their needs and the organizations’. The executives must be responsible in providing clarification and verification of ethical standards in place. The executives must drive the culture and work environment of compliance toward ethical standards and practices to ensure the effectiveness. Business ethics is important in every organization and the main responsibility is to act with integrity and honesty. References Ferrall, O. C. (2004). Business ethics and customer stakeholders. Academy of Management Executive, 18(2), retrieved from http://danielsethics. mgt. unm. edu/pdf/Customer Stakeholders. pdf. Bigelow, L. (2013). What are the social responsibilities of a company to its stakeholders? Hearst Newspapers, Retrieved from http://smallbusiness. chron. com Heathfield, S. (n. d. ). Inspirational quotes for business and work: Integrity. Retrieved from http://humanresources. about. com Young, P. (2004). Ethics and risk management: Building a framework. Risk Management, 6(3), 23-34. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org â€Å"The Laws That Govern the Securities Industry. † (2012). SEC. Retrieved from http://www. irmi. com/expert/articles/2005/head02. aspx.

Code of Conduct BLANK, Inc Essay Example for Free

Code of Conduct BLANK, Inc Essay To ensure the safety of each employee and customer of BLANK, Inc., each member of the company must understand, comply to, and sign the company’s code of conduct. 1. Employees must maintain the highest standard of business conduct by providing only accurate and truthful business records. The company must relay on the honesty of the employee to accurately maintain business operations and records. 2. Employees must not mishandle company property and equipment. Each employee must maintain his or her work space and equipment for safety purposes. 3. Employees must protect confidential information. Protecting clients and company confidential information is of high importance, not only for the company and existing clients but also future clients. 4. Employees must treat fellow employees and clients with respect and dignity. Any form of harassment and / or discrimination, intentional or unintentional, about, including but not limited to, race, culture, gender, and sexual orientation will not be tolerated. 5.Employees must not enter into any conflicts of interest with other companies of the same business. The employees are forbidden to conduct business with other companies in the same business. By signing this Code of Conduct the employee understands and complies with each point. The employee also understands that by signing the Code of Conduct, this document becomes a binding contract between the employee and BLANK, Inc.. Violating these rules an employee can and will be disciplined in the form of suspension and/ or termination of BLANK, Inc. In case of termination, the former employee will not allowed to conduct business of the same as BLANK, Inc. within 100-mile radius.

Temperature On The Growth And Survival Of Bacteria Biology Essay

Temperature On The Growth And Survival Of Bacteria Biology Essay Abstract: The aim of this experiment was to asses the growth and survival of 5 bacteria. The method involved placing each of the bacteria in water baths of various temperatures for certain periods of time, taking them out and placing them in their optimum temperatures and monitoring their growth/survival rate over the course of the week. The results obtained showed that how well the bacteria grew after they had been placed in their optimum temperatures and left for a week. From this it was concluded what the temperature class of each bacteria was. Introduction: The objective of the experiment was to look at the growth and survival rate of 5 bacteria namely, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Escherichia coli, commonly referred to as E.coli is a gram negative bacterium which is rod shaped. It is usually found in the large intestine of warm blooded animals. It is also found in foods and water. It is a facultative aerobe meaning that O2 is not necessarily required for growth but is preferred for better growth thus it is able to metabolise both aerobic and anaerobically. Every microorganism has a minimal, optimal and maximal temperature. These are known as cardinal temperatures and they tell us a lot about the nature of a microorganism. A mesophile is an organism which grows at its best in medium temperature conditions. A psychrophile on the other hand is an organism which is capable of growing in extremely cold temperatures. Thermophiles are virtually the opposite of psychrophiles. Theyre organisms which are capable of growing and reproducing the hot environments. The term thermophile means that it is heat loving or heat tolerant. The temperature and pH are good indicators of the environment E.coli can be found. The fact that it has a ph of 6-7 means that it is found in mildly acidic to neutral places which explains why it is in the large intestine of mammals. The bacteria manage to survive in these various environments due to their adaptive metabolism. (Madigan, Martinko, Dunlap and Clark, 2008). Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) is a gram positive and is naturally occurring in the intestine of mammals, the soil, in plants and in water. The presence of E.faecalis and E.coli in the water is usually an indication that the water has been contaminated. It is found in similar habitats to E.coli. Bacillus stearothermophilus (B.stearothermophilus) is also a rod shaped gram positive organism it is usually found in hot springs and the soil. Pseudomonas fluorescens (P.fluorescens) is a gram negative rod shaped bacterium. It is usually found in cooler environments such as water. It is an obligate aerobe which means that it cannot grow in the absence of oxygen. Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) is also a rod shaped gram positive bacterium which is mainly found in the soil. It too is an obligate aerobe (Brooker, Widmaier, Graham and stilling, 2007). Method: Please refer to the schedule for this. Results: Below are the tabulated results that were obtained from the experiment. Table 1 shows the effect of inoculating the bacteria at different temperatures had on their growth rate. Table 2 shows the results of exposing the bacteria to extreme heat conditions on their survival rate. Temp (Â °C) 25 37 42 55 E.coli +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ E.farcalis +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ + B.subtilis ++ +++ ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ P.flourescence ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ B.steaothermophilus + + + ++ + ++ +++ + The table above shows how well the bacteria grew at different temperatures. Really strong growth is represented by +++, medium by ++, slow growth by + and no growth by -. Looking at E.coli for example it is clear that it only grows well in the region of 25-42Â °C anything beyond this showed absolutely no growth occurring. Time (minutes) E.coli Temp (Â °C) 0 2 5 30 90 40 Y, N, Y Y, Y, Y Y, Y, Y Y, Y, Y Y, Y, Y 60 Y, Y, Y Y, Y, Y Y, Y, Y N, N, N N, N, N 80 N, Y, Y N, N, N N, N, N N, N, N N, N, N 100 N, N, Y N, N, N N, N, N N, N, N N, N, N B.subtilis 40 Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y 60 Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y 80 Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y 100 Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y Y, Y Y, NTable 2: The effect of heat on survival of bacteria. Key: Y= growth present N= no growth E.faecalis 40 Y Y Y Y Y 60 Y Y Y Y N 80 Y Y Y N N 100 Y Y Y N N B.stearothermophilus 40 Y, N Y, N Y, N N, N N,N 60 Y, N N, N N, N N, N N, N 80 N, N N, N N, N N, N N, N 100 N, N N, N N, N N, N N, N P. fluorescens 40 Y, N, Y Y, Y, Y Y, Y, Y Y, Y, Y Y, Y, Y 60 Y, Y, Y Y, Y, Y Y, Y, Y N, N, N N, N, N 80 N,Y, Y N, N, N N, N, N N, N, N N, N, N 100 N,Y,N N, N, N N, N, N N, N, N N, N, NDiscussion: With the information that is in table 1 the nature of each bacterium can be established. E.coli showed exceptionally strong growth in the range of 25 to 42Â °C. These results are perfectly in line with the characteristics of a mesophile as such it is safe to assume that E.coli is a mesophile. This also explains why it is found in the human intestine. The core temperature of the human body is 36.8Â °C Â ± 0.7 which according to the literature is the optimal temperature of E.coli. The same thing goes for E.faecalis. It too is a mesophile and one of the locations where it is found is also the gastrointestinal tract. The information in table 1 coupled with the fact that it is found in the same location as E.coli means that it too has the same optimal temperature as E.coli. B.subtilis grew throughout all the temperature ranges but grew the best in 55Â °C. It was however strange to see it grow in the areas of 25-37Â °C as it is by nature a Thermophile. The minimum temperature that is required for thermophiles to grow is approximately 42Â °C. B.stearothermophilus on the other hand showed a classic example of a thermophillic bacterium. It grew best at 55Â °C. The last bacterium in table 1 was P. Fluorescens. It grew well at 25Â °C but seemed to be decreasing quiet substantially at 37Â °C. The information on the table did not quiet fit in with the characteristics which are exerted by mesophiles. Mesophiles usually grow best at around 30-40Â °C however P.fluorescens optimal temperature was around 25Â °C which meant that it could not be a psychrophile. It did however fit the characteristics of a psychrotroph. Psychrotrophs are organism which grow at 0Â °C i.e. similar to psychrophiles but, usually have an optimum temperature of 25Â °C whereas psychr ophiles have and optimum temperature of 10-12Â °C (www1). Table 2 showed the effects of exposing the bacteria to high temperatures had on their survival. Temperature is most likely the most important factor that contributes to the growth and survival of the bacteria. From the literature it can be gathered depending on the organism, exposing it to very high temperatures will kill it. In the case of E.coli this is the case. It managed to stay alive at 40Â °C for 90minutes. This is understandable as this is below its maximal temperature. Once it had been placed into higher temperatures for a long enough duration, it died off. This was not the case for B.subtilis. It proved to be growing throughout all temperature ranges for the full 90 minutes of the experiment. The fact that it managed to survive at temperatures as high as 100Â °C implies that it may be a hyperthermophile (Madigan, Martinko, Dunlap and Clark, 2008). P. fluorescens also died off after being exposed to increased temperatures for some time. At 30 and 90 minutes, all of people who were doing the experiment reported that there were no bacteria alive at 60Â °C. At 2 minutes into the experiment at 80 and 100Â °C none of the bacteria were alive. Most of the results obtained from the experiment seemed to be in line with the information found in the literature some werent for example E.faecalis was still alive in almost all of the higher temperature ranges when clearly it shouldnt have been as it was is a mesophile and shouldnt grow after around 46Â °C. B.stearothermophilus, a thermophile was not growing in temperature ranges where it should have been. These mistakes may have been due to applied correct aseptic techniques while inoculating properly. In order to eliminate such errors the experiment could be run 2 to 3 times.

Language Follows Evolution of Jackson and Trewe Relationship Parallelin

Language Follows Evolution of Jackson and Trewe Relationship Paralleling the Colonization to Post-Colonial Movement in Pantomime The play opens on the edge of a cliff; anything can happen. Derek Walcott, a playwright from the Caribbean, lives his own life on the edge of a cliff. Walcott’s family placed strong emphasis on education and ancestry. His inherent duality, European and African, mirrors that of post-colonialism (Gilbert 131). It is this duality that Walcott tries to reconcile in his work, drawing on his experiences in the theatre and in the Caribbean (King 260). In Pantomime, Walcott employs the versatility of language to describe the evolving relationship between main characters Harry Trewe and Jackson Philip paralleling the colonization to post-colonial movement and comes to a tentative reconciliation. Walcott sets the stage for numerous parallelisms by naming his play Pantomime. A pantomime is a traditional British Christmas entertainment that features stock characters in costume who sing, dance and perform skits. The tradition dates back to the 16th century, stemming from Commedia dell’ Arte, which included farce-like elements and masquerade. Ironically, the general premise of a pantomime, the characters speak the same language but do not seem to understand each other, echoes that of Walcott’s Pantomime. Trewe’s pantomime is based on wordless storytelling versus Jackson’s background as a Calypsonian, which deals with improvisation of words based on a given topic. Also, Elaine Savory suggests that Walcott may have chosen this form because the two men feel most comfortable exploring life from behind a mask, like those one might find in a pantomime (227). Already, their background hinders their communication and ... ...he Caribbean. NY: State U of NY Press, 2000. Juneja, Renu. â€Å"Derek Walcott.† Post-Colonial English Drama: Commonwealth Drama Since 1960. Bruce King, ed. NY: St. Martin’s Press Inc., 1992. King, Bruce. Derek Walcott: A Caribbean Life. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000. Savory, Elaine. â€Å"Art and Macho Attitudes: The Case of Walcott.† Postcolonial Literatures: Achebe, Ngugi, Desai, Walcott. Michael Parker and Roger Starkey, eds. London: Macmillan Press LTD, 1995. Savory, Elaine. â€Å"Registering Connection: Masking and Gender Issues in Caribbean Theatre.† (Post)Colonial Stages: Critical & Creative Views on Drama, Theatre & Performance. Helen Gilbert, ed. UK: Dangaroo Press, 1999. Thieme, John. Derek Walcott, Contemporary World Writers. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1999. Walcott, Derek. â€Å"Pantomime.† Postcolonial Plays: An Anthology. Helen Gilbert, ed. NY: Routledge, 2001.

The Holocaust Essay -- Jewsish Holocaust Hitler Dehumanization Essays

The Holocaust The Holocaust, what is the true depth of the word? As sad as it may seem, it affected the lives of millions because of the hate inside of one certain group of people, the Nazi’s. Dehumanization is to deprive human qualities such as individuality or compassion. Victims of the Holocaust went through dehumanization simply to make the killing of others psychologically easy for the Nazi’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many victims of the Holocaust suffered from various experiments which eventually led to the death. Some of the experiments were things such as: sun lamp, internal irrigation, hot bath, warming by body heat, freezing/hypothermia etc. The internal irrigation system is when, â€Å"the frozen victims would have water heated to a near blistering temperature forcefully irrigated into the stomach, bladder, and intestines.† (Medical Experiments of the Holocaust and Nazi Medicine) Why would anybody perform such horrible things on another human being? That is a question that many people still can’t answer. It is much more complex than it may seem. The Nazi’s wanted to make the victims do so many degrading things that they would appear to be subhuman. Killing somebody less than human was more justifiable to the Nazi’s. One experiment that was conducted on a pair of Russians describes the torture that many victims went through. The experiment of the twins is graphically described, â€Å"the next part of the examination consisted of tubes being forced through their n...

The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Essay -- Medieval

The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is an example of medieval misogyny. Throughout Medieval literature, specifically Arthurian legends like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the female characters, Guinevere, the Lady, and Morgan leFay are not portrayed as individuals but social constructs of what a woman should be. Guinevere plays a passive woman, a mere token of Arthur. The Lady is also a tool, but has an added role of temptress and adulteress. Morgan leFay is the ultimate conniving, manipulating, woman. While the three women in this legend have a much more active role than in earlier texts, this role is not a positive one; they are not individuals but are symbols of how men of this time perceive women as passive tokens, adulteresses, and manipulators. Guinevere from the very beginning of the legend is portrayed as a passive, typical lady of the court. In stanza four, the author describes Guinevere almost as a trophy or ornament of the court: "Queen Guinevere very gaily was gathered among them/....The prettiest lady that one may describe/She gleamed there with eyes of grey/To have seen one fairer to the sight/That no one could truly say" (74-84). Guinevere does not take an active role in the court. She does not have speaking role and basically just sits among the knights of the Round Table. Her passivity and silence could be the result of medieval anti-feminism. According to Bloch in medieval times what a woman wants is to speak. Medieval authors such as Andreas Capellanus, the supposed author of The Art of Courtly Love writes, "Furthermore, not only is every woman by nature a miser, but she is also envious, and a slanderer of other women......fickle in her speech,....a li... ... because of her beauty. And Morgan leafy while she might be an all-powerful sorcerer, she is a ultimately a manipulator and scapegoat. Works Cited: Bloch, R. Howard. Medieval Misogyny and the Invention of Western Romantic Love. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1991. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Sixth Edition, Volume One. General Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: Norton, 1993. Works Consulted: Bennett, Michael J.   "The Historical Background" in A Companion to the Gawain-Poet, pp. 71-90.   Derek Brewer and Jonathan Gibson, editors.   Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1997. Putter, Ad.   An Introduction to the Gawain-poet.   New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1996. Riddy, Felicity.   "Jewels in Pearl" in A Companion to the Gawain-Poet, pp. 142-55.   Derek Brewer and Jonathan Gibson, editors.   Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1997.

What is a Self-injurious Behavior

The incident which I have chosen for my Nursing Project happened on the last day of my learning difficulties placement. It involved a young Autistic man, who I will refer to as ‘John† throughout my assignment. This is to protect the client†s identity, this is in accordance with the UKCC Code of professional conduct (1992) clause 10: â€Å"Protect all confidential information concerning patients and clients obtained in the course of professional practice and make disclosures only with consent, where required by the order of a court or where you can justify disclosure in the wider public interest.† One incident which I believe highlights the problem I will address, involved myself bathing ‘John†. This was not the first time that I had bathed a person during the placement, however, the difference this time was that while I was washing ‘John†, he would display elf-injurious behaviour by slapping his face and then repeating the phrase ‘stop slapping face†. I chose this incident from my clinical diary as I feel that the self-injurious behaviour that ‘John† exhibited is an interesting and difficult Nursing problem and one, which affected my ability to care for him. Rather than focussing on the self-injury specifically related to ‘John†s† case, I will examine the possible ways to manage self-injurious behaviour, especially in persons with learning disabilities. To manage this problem effectively, a multi-disciplinary approach is required, but for the purposes of this essay I will look at the problem from a Nurse†s perspective. I will begin by giving a brief description of self-injurious behaviour and the possible causes. I will then highlight the different techniques available to Nurses for the management of this behaviour. Murphy and Wilson(1985) define this as: â€Å"Any behaviour initiated by the individual, which directly results in physical harm to that individual.† As is apparent in the literature, self-injurious behaviour is referred to as any behaviour that can cause tissue damage, such as bruises, redness, and open wounds. The most common forms of these behaviours include head banging, hand biting, head-slapping, and excessive scratching. There are two main sets of theories on the subject and these concentrate on physiological or social causes. The main physiological theories are: Self-injurious behaviour releases beta-endorphins in the person†s brain. Beta-endorphins are opiate like substances in the brain, which provide the person with some pleasure when released. Sudden episodes of self-injury may be caused by sub-clinical seizures. Sub-clinical seizures are not typically associated with the behaviours of normal seizures by they are characterised by abnormal EEG patterns. May be caused by over arousal such as frustration. Self-injury acts as a release, and thus lowers arousal. Self-injury may be a form of self-stimulatory, stereotypic behaviour. Some people exhibit self-injury to escape or avoid a task. Self-injurious behaviour may be used as an attention-seeking device. An incident that involved ‘John† which illustrated the difficulty in managing self-injurious behaviour, was when an object he was obsessed with, was removed. This was using a punishment strategy which I will discuss later. This was thought to be the best course of action, but it lead to ‘John† being restrained for nearly an hour, followed by him being sedated with an intra-muscular injection of chlorpromazine. What can learned from this is that it demonstrates the need for careful assessment of the individual. As highlighted by Murphy and Wilson(1985): â€Å"The treatment selected will depend on how the self-injurious behaviour originally developed and what factors maintain it.† There are a wide variety of different strategies or factors involved in treating or managing self-injurious behaviour. These include restraint, pharmacotheraphy, behavioural therapy, inter-personal strategies, normalisation and environmental factors. I will now examine in turn each of these strategies or factors. This is the most effective way of dealing with self-injurious behaviour in an emergency but there are a number of problems that can arise. Firstly, restraint raises some ethical questions, such as does someone have the right to injure themselves? This dilemna and others related to this topic are difficult to answer, but in general we make the assumption that the client is not capable of choosing for themselves. Secondly, the use of restraint present devaluing images of the client. Thirdly, they involve the violation of personal space which is usual for everyday social interaction. This can lead to a detrimental effect on the nurse/client relationship. Furthermore, there is the risk of injury to staff and to the client. Also there is the possibility of staff being accused of abuse, this is highlighted by Jones and Eayrs(1993): â€Å"Care staff may well face allegations of client abuse associated with the use of restraint.† There are some drawbacks in the use of restraint but it is an essential tool available to the Nurse in the management of Self-injurious or challenging behaviour. A number of drug treatments were used at Woodlands namely Chlorpromazine and Hapliperidol. These were reasonably effective but with these drugs there are serious side effects. As stated by Bernstein et al(1994): â€Å"Serious side effects include symptoms similar to those of Parkinson†s disease, such as muscle rigidity, restlessness, tremor and slowed movement.† These side effects can be treated with anti-Parkinson drugs. When trying to manage inappropriate behaviour using psychoactive drugs they should only be used as an integral part of the client†s programme. For example to combine Pharamacotherapy with other strategies such as behavioural treatments. In general behavioural approaches to treatment seem to be the most effective and long lasting ways of managing violent and aggressive behaviour. A reason for this is suggested by Murphy Wilson( ): â€Å"The fact that the ‘learned behaviour hypothesis† is one of the most convincing hypotheses for explaining the development of self-injurious behaviour.† This term covers a variety of different approaches but some of the main methods are positive reinforcement, modelling, extinction, aversive conditioning and punishment. This means, in the context of my essay, reinforcing or strengthening any behaviour that is not self-injurious. An example of this is raised by Bernstein et al (1994): † Autistic children, who, use very little language, were rewarded with grapes, popcorn, or other items for saying ‘please†, ‘thank you† and ‘your welcome† while exchanging crayons and blocks with a therapist.† This is defined by Bernstein et al(1994) as: â€Å"The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response or operand behaviour due to elimination either of the association between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli or of rewards for certain behaviours.† In the case of treating self-injurious behaviour it can be effective, but it is not always possible to use this method, because, firstly the client may seriously injure himself before the behaviour disappears. Secondly, if the reason for the behaviour is self-stimulation, it may not be possible to remove the source of reinforcement. This is basically a method of therapy in which desirable behaviours are demonstrated as a way of teaching them to clients. This method employs classical conditioning principles to link physical or psychological discomfort with undesirable behaviours. An example of this by Bernstein et al(1994) is: â€Å"Alcoholics might be allowed to drink after taking a nausea-producing drug, so that the taste and smell of alcohol are associated with nausea rather than the usual pleasurable feelings.† This was used extensively at woodlands. The main way in which clients were relaxed was through the use of a ‘sensory room.† This was basically a room that contained various lights, music and tactile objects designed to relax the client. The ‘sensory room† was extremely effective at woodlands and was an invaluable apparatus in the management of violent or aggressive behaviour. This kind of strategy involves penalising any behaviour considered to be inappropriate. These were used at Woodlands, sometimes they were effective, but in one case regarding ‘John† it seemed to make matters worse, leading to him to require to be sedated. In general punishment strategies should be used in conjunction with reinforcement of desirable and non-injurious behaviours. This is an important strategy in the treatment of challenging behaviour. It is the way in which a Nurse communicates verbally or non-verbally with the client. It is recognised that inappropriate behaviour from carers can instigate or maintain aggressive behaviours. The important factors as indicated by my research are eye contact, posture, touch and how the nurse actually speaks to the client. From my research I have found that there is a great deal of contradictory advice when dealing with an aggressive client. For example there is some evidence that remaining calm is the best thing to do but Breakwell(1989) cited by Jones and Eayrs(1993) suggests that: â€Å"The assailant who shouts is shouted at: calm intensity is greeted with equal intensity.† What is obvious is that when dealing with a client, interpersonal strategies are extremely important, but there is no right or wrong way. This is defined by Bank-Mikkelson (1980) cited by Murphy and Wilson(1985) as the need to: † Create an existence for the mentally retarded as close to normal living conditions as possible† This means to make conditions of education, housing, work and leisure to as near normal as possible and to bring greater equality of rights, obligations and responsibilities under law. Although it is not necessarily related with the treatment of someone who presents challenging behaviour, it is an important factor in considering the overall care of the client. This is providing an environment safe from potential factors, which may cause challenging behaviours. Some of these negative environmental factors may be things like loud noise, absence of attention, aggression from other residents, isolation or not enough space.

The Potential Role of Large Tour Operators for the Implementation

Table of contents Table of figures 2 List of abbreviations 2 Introduction and purpose statement 3 The potential role of large tour operators for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management in the tourism industry Conclusion 5 Bibliography 7 1 Table of figures Fig. 1: Exemplary tourism supply chain 5 List of abbreviations NGO Non-governmental organization SC supply chain SSCM sustainable supply chain management TOI Tour Operators Initiative for Sustainable Tourism Development 2 Introduction and purpose statementWith an exponentially growing population, the travel industry is expected to grow significantly in the near future. At the same time, different stakeholder groups pose a lot of pressure on this industry. Tourist are gaining awareness of the negative impacts of mass tourism on the environment as well as socio-economically speaking. As a result the demand for „green tourismâ€Å"-solutions is increasing. Furthermore, the financial market, governments as well as NGOs increasingly exert leverage on the industry to practice more sustainable tourism by means of legislation.Moreover, an intact environment is the invaluable asset for the tourism industry, preserving it means serving the self-preservation of the tourism industry. 1 Indisputably, tourism has to transform in to a more environmentally friendly and sustainable business. The implementation of environmental management systems as well as the alignment of the whole supply chain are important tools to support this transformation. In this paper I chose the tour operator stage of the supply chain as the focal point, because it acts as a link between the supply and demand side of tourism.Hereafter, I present how the structural properties of large tour operators provide them with special responsibility to promote the implementation of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) systems in the tourism industry. The potential role of large tour operators for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management in the tourism industry Tourism, no different from other industries, is organized in supply chain (SC) structures since its products/services are composed of multiple elements as e. g. ransportation, entertainment, travel agencies and accommodation. 2 Aiming for sustainability therefore me ans to strive for a long-term improvement of the economic, social and environmental performance, not only of an isolated company or product but its whole SC. This concept is also known to literature as the â€Å"triple bottom line†-approach. 3 Suring and Muller define SSCM as â€Å"the management of material, information and capital flows as well as cooperation among companies along the supply chain while taking goals from all three dimensions of sustainable development, i. e. economic, environmental and social, into account which are derived from customer and stakeholder requirementsâ€Å". 4 Large tour operators resemble a key role in this constellation because they have the means to 1 2 Clarke (1997) Sigala (2008) 3 Kleindorfer, Singhal & Van Wassenhove (2005) 4 Seuring & Muller (2002), p. 1700 3 reverse logistics measurement mechanisms B management, transparency and stakeholder dialogue Worldwide environmental reporting of hotels, airlines, destinations, shareholdings a nd at every step of the value chain with a continuous improvement process ritically reviews thethe practicesidentifying the SCM tools and or importance of and induceis also highlighted in sustainable SCM influence literature for of the individual suppliers distributors information the implementation ? literature; Seuring and Muller [20] reported that insuf? cient or critical success factors for implementing the former. of al. [24] identi? ed three SC tools to regulate the missing SC communication a tourism flows, Cigolini etSSCM-practices as well asnamely information dissemination and volumeisof major barrier to sustainable SCM implementation. ools, coordination and control tools, and organisation tools. which indirectly influences the economic development of the travel control tools areIt is part of Coordination and destinations. utilized to monitor and inInformation tools (e. g. online connections, automated identi? cation ? uence the decision-making process, by measuring performa nces systems such as barcodes and shared databases) are utilized to their transmit to act as â€Å"gatekeepers† while linkingand setting rewards basedcustomers. Knowing the suppliers to the on the achievement of certain results. A gather, analyze, functionand share data, regarding customer data, SC performance metric system, including a set end-to-end inventory status and locations, order status, costs that it becomes obvious that tour operators may also significantly performancethe design bothof parameters that influence metrics of of the whole SC (as fully describe the the related data and performance status.Data sharing ensures that perceived by end are often bound actor of participating members will be products areuse of shared in- because supplierscustomers, and of each to this the chain), is components their able to make composed of a necessity for ensuring trustworthiness and accountability [25]. formation to help design and deliver products that ful? l customer Hence, instead of functional-cost-oriented metrics requirements more quickly and 6effectively.Visibility of position in the SC tour operators act also as nodes for that are often distribution channel. Due to their central perforachieved at the expense of another member, integrated metrics are mance metrics enables members to address production and quality communication between the different entities of required. However, research in SCM performance measurement has issues more quickly permitting more agile demand planning. The the SC, with communication being a critical factor for the successful implementation of SSCM-practices. Tourism Demand Providers of tourism infrastructure Hotels, resorts, golf courts, restaurants, museums and other tourism related suppliers such as water and power supply, road infrastructure airports etc Tour operators Travel Agents Other tourism intermediaries such as internet websites, destination organizations etc Leisure travelers Conference travelers etc Direct ion of money, documents, and information flows Fig. 1. Tourism supply chain. Fig. 1 Exemplary tourism supply chain (Sigala, 2008, p. 1591) Tour operators can draw profits from promoting SSCM-practices along their SC.Since any effort made to make the own product or service more environmental friendly is perceived well among customers (at least as long that does not drive up the price), the tour operators can turn this image-improvement into a unique selling point. For instance TUI uses a self-designed environment ranking to evaluate their products. 8 This resembles a logic response to the growing public awareness of environmental impact of mass tourism and acts as an incentive for the tour operators to evaluate the environmental performance of their suppliers (e. . trough ISO 14001, EMAS or similar certification concepts). 9 Even though the majority of the large tour operators do have some kind of sustainability policies in place, the real impact on their business is so far insuffici ent. Tour operators often try to justify this trough a lack of demand and state that the majority of customers shops for packages of the lowest price. But the nature of tourism-products has it, that the tourists themselves are co-producing the product, while it is being consumed, which makes them part 5 6Tepelus (2005), Budeanu (2009) Van Wijk & Persoon (2006) 7 Sigala (2008) 8 Clarke (1997) 9 Budeanu (2009) 4 of the supply chain. 10 In other words, implementing an SSCM in the tourism-industry also encompasses the education of the consumer. Tour operators are predestinated for this task, since their position in the SC allows them to exercise influence over the consumers choices. Still, this is asking a lot from operators, since the tour operating-business is a very competitive industry accompanied with relatively low profit margins of about 2% and customer-loyalty being not exactly widespread.This might well be part of the reason why a lot of tour operators pursue â€Å"green washi ng† without seriously engaging in long-term SSCM-changes. 11 Another one of the main issues clearly is the variety of certification schemes and the low participation of suppliers. It is doubtful that an individual label will reach a critical mass in national tourism, even though the establishment of an internationally recognized unified label could be a powerful tool: it could help to reduce consumer confusion and act as an indicator for quality for those tourists searching for green tourism services, increasing credibility.If tour operators feel compelled to search for suppliers carrying this specific label in order to meet their customers needs, also suppliers would have to comply with it in avoidance of risking their business relationship to the tour operator. This would provide the operators with a broader range of certified products to choose from. 12 In this case, it would have to be assured, that this accreditation cannot be obtained by devious means or through just an individual examination to avoid the allegation of â€Å"green washingâ€Å". Currently, most tour operators apply their own standards, tailored to their business activities. 3 This is partly due to the fact, that many certification schemes address small-scale tourism when it is really the mass tourism that needs to green the industry. Despite the fact that Europe is a forerunner in the sustainability discussion, there are hardly any regulations regarding the tour operator-business. Tour operators need to be provided with stronger incentives and effective tools to proactively enhance their own and their SC’s sustainability performance. 14 Conclusion Sustainable development in the tourism industry will take time. It requires a change of culture and governance.Tour operators are very well aware of their role and the responsibility they have in order to transform the tourism industry into a more sustainable one, acting as a hub for communication and collaboration. But since the re are no generally accepted frameworks or 10 11 Sigala (2008) Van Wijk & Persoon (2006) 12 Font (2002) 13 Budeanu (2009) 14 Van Wijk & Persoon (2006) 5 tools, many don’t see the necessity to fully comply. The most important step to take next is therefore the establishment of well-recognized standardized metrics for sustainable performance among tour operators and suppliers to set the stage for extensive SSCMimplementation.An initiative that was created to answer this purpose is the United Nations Environment Programme named â€Å"Tour Operators Initiative for Sustainable Tourism Development† (TOI), which could not be discussed here, due to he brevity of this paper. Future research should also address to tour operator-networks respectively tourism-SCs outside Europe since SSCM-practices might be used by tour operators as a tool to raise the awareness of suppliers in the destinations. 6 Bibliography Budeanu, A. (2009). Environmental supply chain management in tourism: T he case of large tour operators.Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(16), 1385-1392. Clarke, J. (1997). A Framework of Approaches to Sustainable Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5(3), 224-233. Font, X. (2002). Environmental certification in tourism and hospitality: progress, process and prospects, Tourism Management, 23(3), 197-205. Kleindorfer, P. R. , Singhal, K. & Van Wassenhove, L. (2005). Sustainable Operations Management. Production and Operations Management, 14(4), 482–492. Seuring, S. & Muller, M. (2008). From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1699– 1710. Sigala, M. (2008). A supply chain management approach for investigating the role of tour operators on sustainable tourism: the case of TUI. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1589-1599. Tepelus, C. M. (2005). Aiming for sustainability in the tour operating business. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(2), 99-107. Van Wijk, J. & Persoon, W. (2006) A Long-haul Destination: Sustainability Reporting Among Tour Operators. European Management Journal, 24(6), 381-395. 7